Investigations of Electrical Properties

In the present review article 1985 s results obtained in applications of the concept of vibronic interactions to the investigation of electric properties of molecules (dipole and multipole moments and polarizabilities) are presented. Molecular aspects of these topics are almost untouched in the publications listed in the preceding paragraph. The idea of dipole instability was used first as a basis of the so-called vibronic theory of ferroelectricity (Bersuker, 1966 Bersuker and Vekhter, 1978). Meanwhile, the manifestation of the electronic or vibronic degeneracy in the electric responses of molecules, being no less essential than other vibronic effects, has some special features. 

Kulikov, V. Mirsky, V. M., Equipment for combinatorial electrochemical polymerization and high-throughput investigation of electrical properties of the synthesized polymers, Meas. Sci. Technol. 2004, 15, 49-54... 

Anderson RC, Muller RS, Tobias CW (1991) Investigation of electrical properties of porous silicon. J Electrochem Soc 138 3406-3411... 

H. Hurwitz and R. Dibiani, Investigation of electrical properties of bipolar membranes at steady state and with transient methods, Electrochim. Acta 47, 2001,759-773. 

The main topic of electrochemistry is investigation of the properties of ionic conductors and of electric circuits containing ionic conductors, and investigation of phenomena occurring during passage of an electric current through such circuits. 

The study of the effect of electric fields on the properties of solids dates back to Zener s (1934) investigation of electrical breakdown in solid dielectrics. Further pioneering work was carried out by Houston (1940) and Slater... 

Iso-electric focusing techniques probably give the best resolution and many of the resulting bands are due to specific proteins. They are used mainly as a qualitative or a semi-quantitative technique due primarily to the large number of bands that develop and are of particular value when successive samples from the same source need to be compared for the presence or absence of a particular protein or for investigation of physical properties, e.g. p/. 

The FITSC method is a general method of investigating the electrical properties of high-resistivity solids via the study of thermal relaxation effects and is an attractive alternative to conventional bridge methods, current-voltage temperature measurements, and so forth. 

The present work summarizes opportunities of using high-resolution synchrotron and standard xrd techniques for structural characterization as well as for investigations of structure-property-relationships. xrd will be used to determine quantitatively the phase content of morphotropic pzt. Temperature dependent measurements provide information about the phase transformation of morphotropic donor doped pzt ceramics and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction gives information about the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electric field induced strain, xrd results are finally compared with electrical measurements to analyze the interactions among microstructure, phase content and properties. 

EIS thus has been demonstrated to be a powerful technique for investigating the electrical properties of materials, including gaseous, liquid, and solid materials, and the interfaces of conducting electrodes in different research areas. Miscellaneous applications of EIS are listed below ... 

Abstract We have investigated the electrical properties of ZnO single crystals and thin... 

Hall effect measurements were used to investigate the electrical properties of the poly-Si films formed by the ALILE process. Due to the incorporated Al, the poly-Si films are always p-type. At room temperature, a hole concentration of 2.6 x 1018 run 3 and a hole mobility of 56.3 cm2 V 1 s 1 were determined [16]. Temperature dependent Hall measurements revealed both valence band conduction and defect band conduction (two-band conduction). For such highly doped material, the presence of a defect band conduction is expected. The Al concentration in the poly-Si films was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). An Al concentration of about 3 x 1019 cm 3 was found, which is about a factor of 10 larger than the... 

Investigations of magnetic properties of solids containing RE s led quite early to the conclusion that 4/-electrons can be considered as highly localized, atomic-like electrons. The influence of the crystalline electric field was expected and shown to be small compared to spin-orbit coupling, mainly because of the shielding effects of outer... 

Hakim investigated the electrical properties of In203 and ITO films prepared by spray pyrolysis by measuring the electrical resistivity as a function of temperature [100], the Hall effect and the thermoelectric power [99]. He observed a very complicated dependency of the electrical resistivity on the temperature with an activation energy of about 0.07-0.1 eV for the temperature range of 70-190°C. These low values indicate shallow donor levels [124]. The Seebeck coefficients or the thermoelectric power of ITO films were in the range of 16 to 200 pV K . 

Surface morphology and electrical conduction in laser beam deposited perylene based thin films were investigated. It is found that the peak-to-peak value of the surface relief significantly increases with an increase of the substrate temperature at the deposition. Measuring of electrical properties by cyclic thermal desorption method shows that the hopping conductivity mechanism is realized in the films. The conductivity is intrinsic or impurity depending on the concentration of the adsorbed oxygen. 

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