High-resolution synchrotron

Manke, Ch. Hartnig, M. Grunerbel, et al. Investigation of water evolution and transport in fuel cells with high resolution synchrotron x-ray radiography. Applied Physics Letters 90 (2007) 174105-1-174105-3. 

The precise structural nature of the CL/DNA complexes is elucidated in high resolution synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (Raedler et al., 1997 Salditt et al., 1997, 1998 Koltover et al., 1999 Lin et al 2000). 

Two types of contributions to dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics are usually distinguished [6], [9-12], One type is called an intrinsic contribution, and it is due to the distortion of the crystal lattice under an applied electric field or a mechanical stress. The second type is called an extrinsic contribution, and it results from the motion of domain walls or domain switching [8], To provide an understanding of material properties of pzt, several methods to separate the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions were proposed. These methods are indirect, and are based on measurements of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric ceramics [8], [10-12], In the experiments reported in this paper a different approach is adopted, which is based on measurements of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. The shift in the positions of the diffraction peaks under applied electric field gives the intrinsic lattice deformation, whereas the domain switching can be calculated from the change in peak intensities [13,14],... 

The present work summarizes opportunities of using high-resolution synchrotron and standard xrd techniques for structural characterization as well as for investigations of structure-property-relationships. xrd will be used to determine quantitatively the phase content of morphotropic pzt. Temperature dependent measurements provide information about the phase transformation of morphotropic donor doped pzt ceramics and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction gives information about the extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electric field induced strain, xrd results are finally compared with electrical measurements to analyze the interactions among microstructure, phase content and properties. 

Eylem C, Hriljac JA, Ramamrrrthy V, Corbin DR, Parise JB (1996) Stmctirre of a zeolite ZSM-5-bithiophene complex as determined by high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Chem Mater 8 844-849... 

Parise JB, Hriljac JA, Cox DE, Corbin DR, Ramamurthy V (1993) A high resolution synchrotron powder diffraction study of frans-stilbene in zeolite ZSM-5. J Chem Soc, Chem Comm 226-228 Parise JB, Weidner DJ, Chen J, Liebermann RC, Chen G (1998) In situ studies of the properties of materials under high-pressure and temperature conditions using multi-anvil apparatus and synchrotron... 

Steiner, B. Dobbyn, R.C. Black, D. Burdette, H. Kuriyama, M. Spal, R. van den Berg, L. Fripp, A. Simcheck, R. Lai, R.B. Batra, A.K. Matthiesen, D. Ditchek, B. High resolution synchrotron X-radiation diffraction imaging of crystals grown in microgravity and closely related terrestrial crystals. J. Res. National Inst. Standards Technol. 1991, 96, 305. 

The CG picture of the structure of the water network in VPI-5 molecular sieve as reported by the high resolution synchrotron powder diffraction study[7] is shown in Fig. 5. As mentioned earlier, quantum chemical cluster model calculations by MNDO method have also shown that the energetically favourable sites for the adsorption of water is in correspondence with the experimental reports. 

MAS 03] MASSON O., DOORYHREE E., FITCH A.N., Inslrument line-profile synthesis in high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction , J. Appl. Cryst, vol. 36, p. 286-294,2003. 

REFINEMENT OF THE DATA AND SOLUTION OF THE STRUCTURE. Once the correct framework topology has been determined, the data must be refined to get the complete solution. Data collected using high resolution synchrotron radiation are easier to process and refine than standard x-ray data 1) because it is highly monochromatic and the peak shapes can be well described by the convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions and 2) because it has excellent resolution and there is less overlap of reflections. 

Yashima, M., Kawaike, Y., and Tanaka, M. (2007) Determination of precise unit cell parameters of the a-tricalcium phosphate Ca3(P04)2 through high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction. /. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90 (1), 272-274. 

Accurate investigation of the valence ionization spectra is important subject to elucidate the electronic structure of molecules. Ionization spectra of five-membered aromatic compounds have also been intensively studied. The high-resolution synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectra (SRPES) of furan and thiophene were measured and analyzed with asymmetry parameter up to about 40 eV [63,64]. The electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS) was also applied to furan up to 30-40 eV [65]. The ionization spectra of these molecules were also studied by several theoretical methods. However, there were some controversial assignments even for the outer-valence region, in particular for the peak position of Ibi(TTi) state and the inner-valence spectra have not been theoretically reproduced. 

A Quench D5niamics protocol (a combination of high temperature Molecular Dynamics and Energy Minimization techniques) is used for predicting the location of triethylmethylammonium (TEMA) cations in zeolite MFI. Rietveld refinement of the high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction data confirms these predictions. The TEMA cations are located at the channels intersections in two different conformations with two ethyl groups located in the linear channel. 

As in the S phase, Sg lacks true long-range translational order because of the Peierls-Landau instability. Theoretically, the existence of molecular tilt implies that there must be a certain degree of bond-orientational order in the Sg phase. This has been verified experimentally by a high resolution synchrotron X-ray study of the transition from Sg to S, in a monodomain freely suspended film. It will be recalled that S, is a tilted hexatic phase. The bond-orientational order parameter Cg (as defined in (5.7.1), but appropriately modified to allow for the fact that the molecules are tilted) is plotted as a function of temperature in fig. 5.8.2. The weak bond-orientational order in evolves continuously into S, showing... 

---