Intrinsically conducting polymers

During the past 30 years considerable research has been undertaken that has led to electrically conducting polymers that do not rely on the use of fillers, the so-called intrinsically conductive polymers. Such polymers depend on the presence of particles which can transport or carry an electric charge. Two types may be distinguished ... 

The properties and applications of intrinsically conductive polymers have been reviewed (Frommer and Chance, 1986 Sauerer, 1991). The Important poly-pyrolles have been separately reviewed (Jasne, 1988). 

Figure 20. Artificial muscle under work. In reduction (A) electrons are injected into the polymer chains. Positive charges are annihilated. Counter-ions and water molecules are expelled. The polymer shrinks and compaction stress gradients appear at each point of the interface of the two polymers. The free end of the bilayer describes an angular movement toward the left side. (B) Opposite processes and movements occur under oxidation. (Reprinted from T. F. Otero and J. Rodriguez, in Intrinsically Conducting Polymers An Emerging Technology, M. Aldissi, ed., pp. 179-190, Figs. 1,2. Copyright 1993. Reprinted with kind permission of Kluwer Academic Publishers.)...

H. Naarmann, in Intrinsically Conducting Polymers An Emerging Technology, M. Aldissi, ed., Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1993, p. 1-12. 

Intrinsically conducting polymers, 13 540 Intrinsic bioremediation, 3 767 defined, 3 759t Intrinsic detectors, 22 180 Intrinsic fiber-optic sensors, 11 148 Intrinsic magnetic properties, of M-type ferrites, 11 67-68 Intrinsic photoconductors, 19 138 Intrinsic rate expressions, 21 341 Intrinsic semiconductors, 22 235-236 energy gap at room temperature, 5 596t Intrinsic strength, of vitreous silica, 22 428 Intrinsic-type detectors, cooling, 19 136 Intrinsic viscosity (TV), of thermoplastics, 10 178... 

Intrinsic conductive polymers (ICP) obtained by polymerization of conductive macromolecules. This is a difficult route for industrial applications. 

Charge-transfer agent used to generate, by oxidation or reduction, positive or negative charges in an intrinsically conducting polymer. 

Note 1 The bulk electrical conductivity of an intrinsically conducting polymer is comparable to that of some metals and results from its macromolecules acquiring positive or negative charges through oxidation or reduction by an electron acceptor or donor (charge-transfer agent), termed a dopant. 

Note 2 Examples of intrinsically conducting polymers are polyacetylene, polythiophene, polypyrrole, or polyaniline. 

Note 3 Unlike polymeric electrolytes, in which charge is transported by dissolved ions, charge in intrinsically conducting polymers is transported along and between polymer molecules via generated charge carriers (e.g., holes, electrons). 

Note 4 An intrinsically conducting polymer should be distinguished from a conducting polymer composite and from a solid polymer electrolyte. 

Aldissi, M. 1992. Intrinsically Conducting Polymers. Kluwer, Dordrecht. 

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