Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs

Intrinsic conductive polymers (ICP) obtained by polymerization of conductive macromolecules. This is a difficult route for industrial applications. 

Blends of intrinsically conductive polymers (ICP s) with conventional thermoplastics offered a practical means of processing ICP s without sacrificing conductivity [KuUcarni, et al., 1991]. One of the major use for these blends was electromagnetic interference shielding. 

When the first intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) was discovered by Hideki Shirakawa, Alan G. Mac-Diarmid and Alan J. Heeger at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in the late seventies, it was thought in the initial euphoria that it would not be long before such materials could be put to practical use. The idea was that it ought to be possible to process them more easily and in larger quantities than classical metallic conductors and compared with carbon-blackfilled plastics they were expected to possess better and more uniform conductivity and better mechanical properties. 

Recently the question has been raised as to whether the electrical conductivity of isolated mesoscopic metal particles, that is particles in the submicrometer order of magnitude, and of intrinsic conductive polymers (ICP) have some properties in common. In this section we outline the metallic properties and the origin of mesoscopic conductivity (small metal particles). 

Intrinsically conductive polymers (ICP) are made up of spherical primary particles approx. 10 run in diameter, which contain a (partially) crystalline metallic core (approx. 8 run). 

Beyond numerous studies of soluble reaction intermediates and products (as an example see a study of electroreduction of nitrosobenzene [23] or investigations of chromium aryl complexes [24]) this design has also been employed successfully in studies of polymer films deposited onto these electrodes. Films showing redox activity and, in many cases, intrinsic electronic conductivity [intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs)] have been studied for an overview see [25, 26]. In a typical set of spectra (Fig. 5.5) obtained with a film of poly aniline, optical absorptions corresponding to the 7T 7T transition (around 330 nm) and to further transitions involving species like radical cations (polarons) and dications (bipolarons) formed in the sequence of electrooxidation of the film are observed. 

In order to render a plastic conductive although it is, by nature, an electrical and thermal insulator (with the exception of intrinsically conducting polymers, ICPs), we need to dope it with electrically conductive fillers such as steel microfibers (pFSs) [FEL 06], CNPs [FEL 01] or indeed carbon nanotubes [FEL 11]. By gradually varying the proportion of fillers in the polymer matrix, we see that its resistance goes... 

Figure 11.1 Some typical intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are PA, trans-p>olyacetylene PPP, polyparaphenyle PPV, polyparaphenylenvinylene PANI, polyandine Ppy, polypyrrole and PT, poly thiophene.

Keywords Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, microwave absorption, electrical conductivity, nanocomposites, intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs), polyaniline, carbon nanotubes, graphene, shielding effectiveness, reflection loss, absorption loss, complex permittivity and permeabdity... 

Electronically Conducting Polymers (Intrinsically Conducting Polymers—ICPs) 15... 

Electronically Conducting Polymers (Intrinsically Conducting Polymers—ICPs) does not participate in the polymerization reaction [319] ... 

An organic polymer that possesses the electrical and optical properties of a metal while retaining its mechanical properties and processability, is termed an intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP). These properties... 

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