Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs doping

In order to render a plastic conductive although it is, by nature, an electrical and thermal insulator (with the exception of intrinsically conducting polymers, ICPs), we need to dope it with electrically conductive fillers such as steel microfibers (pFSs) [FEL 06], CNPs [FEL 01] or indeed carbon nanotubes [FEL 11]. By gradually varying the proportion of fillers in the polymer matrix, we see that its resistance goes... 

The first conducting polymers (named ICPs for intrinsically conducting polymers, or ECPs for electroactive conducting polymers) were discovered in the seventies by McDiarmid, Heeger, and Shirakawa [1] who showed that unsaturated conjugated polymers (polyacetylene, polyphenylene) became conductive when doped, corresponding to the chemical oxidation of the ethylene or polyphenyl carbon chain. 

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