Monocarboxylic acid transporters

Ackley, D. C. and R. A. Yokel. Aluminum dtrate is transported from brain into blood via the monocarboxylic acid transporter located at the blood-brain barrier. Toxicology 1997, 120, 89-97. 

FIGURE B1-1 Glucose and monocarboxylic acid transporters in brain. Specific glucose and monocarboxylic acid transporters in brain are localized on different types of brain cells. (Courtesy of Ian Simpson and Susan Vannucci.)... 

Hanu, R., McKenna, M., O Neill, A. etal. Monocarboxylic acid transporters, MCT1 and MCT2, in cortical astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. 278, C921-C930,2000. 

Mac, M. and Nalecz, K. A. Expression of monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCT) in brain cells. Implication for branched chain alpha-ketoacids transport in neurons. Neurochem. Int. 43 305-309, 2003. 

Konishi, Y. and Shimizu, M., Transepithelial transport of ferulic acid by monocarboxylic acid transporter in Caco-2 cell monolayers, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem., 67, 856, 2003. 

Konishi, Y. and Kobayashi, S., Microbial metabolites of ingested caffeic acid are absorbed by the monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT) in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 6418, 2004. 

Kuwayama K, Miyauchi S, Tateoka R, Abe H, Kamo N. 2002. Fluorescein uptake by a monocarboxylic acid transporter in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 63 81-88. 

The monocarboxylic acid transporter family MCT (mostly MCT1) was investigated in the past decade for its involvement in intestinal, nondiffusional drug absorption. Typical studies have indicated that salicylic acid [150], tolbutamide [151], atorvastatin (a water-soluble derivative of coenzyme A) [152], and valproic acid [153] are probably uptaken, at least in part, by MCT into the bloodstream. 

Amino acid transporters, oligopeptide transporters, glucose transporters, lactic acid transporters, monocarboxylic acid transporters, phosphate transporters, bile acid transporters and other transporters present on the apical membrane of the epithelial cells serve as carriers to facilitate nutrient absorption by the intestine. On the basolateral membrane, amino acid and oligopeptide transporters also exist. Drag moieties possessing similar structures to nutrients that are absorbed by such carriers may also be absorbed in this manner. 

Itoh T, Tanno M, Li YH, Yamada H (1998) Transport of phenethicillin into rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles role of the monocarboxylic acid transporter system. Int I Pharm 172 102-112... 

Li YH, Tanno M, Itoh T, Yamada H (1999) Role of the monocarboxylic acid transport system in the intestinal absorption of an orally active beta-lactam prodrug carindacillin as a model. Int I Pharm 191(2) 151—159 Nielsen CU, Brodin B, Jorgensen F et al. (2002) Human peptide transporters therapeutic applications. Exp Opin 12 1329-1350... 

Tsuji Tsuji A, Tamai I, Nakanishi M et al. (1993) Intestinal brush-border transport of the oral cephalosporin antibiotic, cefdinir, mediated by dipeptide and monocarboxylic acid transport systems in rabbits. J Pharm Pharmacol 45(11) 996—998... 

MT Simanjuntak, I Tamai, A Tsuji. Carrier mediated uptake of nicotinic acid by rat intestinal brush border membrane vesicles and relation to monocarboxylic acid transport. J Pharmacobiodyn 3 301—309, 1990. 

In order to be metabolized, long-chain fatty acids must first undergo conjugation to carnitine for transport by the acylcamitine-camitine carrier across the mitochondrial inner membrane [139]. Short-chain fatty acids enter the mitochondria through monocarboxylic acid transporters [139]. Studies were carried out to assess the effects cephaloridine, cephaloglydn and cephalexin on the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism of fatty adds such as butyrate and pahnitate [67]. 

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