Intestinal ischemia

The regulation of superoxide formation by SOD can affect both in vivo and ex vivo lipid peroxidation. Thus, SOD inhibited lipid peroxidation in cats following regional intestinal ischemia and reperfusion [33], Similarly, the treatment of rats with polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) prevented the development of lipid peroxidation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury [34], Interesting data have been reported by Bartoli et al. [35]. They showed that SOD depletion in the liver of rats feeding with a copper-deficient diet... 

Ischemic colitis Ischemic colitis and other forms of intestinal ischemia have been reported in patients receiving tegaserod during marketed use of the drug. Discontinue tegaserod immediately in patients who develop symptoms of ischemic colitis, such as rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, or new or worsening abdominal pain. 

Intestinal ischemia has occasionally been attributed to conjugated estrogens (26,45). 

There is some reason to distinguish this from the ischemia that can be caused by oral contraceptives, in that it is restricted to the colon, can have a chronic or remitting course, can present with non-specific abdominal and colonic symptoms, can be reversible despite continued use of estrogen, and does not require surgical treatment. The symptoms of intestinal ischemia resolve within days to weeks after withdrawal of the estrogen. However, oral contraceptives have also been reported to cause ischemic colitis. 

Hassan HA. Oral contraceptive-induced mesenteric venous thrombosis with resultant intestinal ischemia. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999 29(l) 90-5. 

Schneiderman DJ, Cello JP. Intestinal ischemia and infarction associated with oral contraceptives. West J Med 1986 145(3) 350-5. 

Slavikova, H., Lojek, A., Hamar, J., Duskova, M., Kubala, L., Vondracek, J., and Ciz, M., Total antioxidant capacity of serum increased in early but not late period after intestinal ischemia in rats. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 25, 9-18 (1998). 

Ingestion of large amount of nonabsorbable sugar Intestinal ischemia... 

Nalbandian H, Sheth N, Dietrich R, Georgiou J. Intestinal ischemia caused by cocaine ingestion report of two cases. Surgery 1985 97(3) 374-6. 

Myers SI, Clagett GP, Valentine RJ, Hansen ME, Anand A, Chervu A. Chronic intestinal ischemia caused by intravenous cocaine use report of two cases and review of the literature. J Vase Surg 1996 23(4) 724-9. 

Severe and sometimes fatal intestinal complications have been described in 1.3-7% of patients receiving aldesleukin alone or in combination with LAK cells or interferon alfa, including intestinal ischemia, bowel ulceration... 

Other rare events include intestinal ischemia (SEDA-17, 215) (114), and hemorrhagic intestinal necrosis (115). 

Intestinal ischemia responds to verapamil and to anti-digoxin antibody (115). 

Adar R, Salzman EW. Letter Intestinal ischemia and digitalis. JAMA 1974 229(12) 1577. 

Gaseous nitric oxide is a short-lived molecule that has been used in the treatment of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension and is used in subgroups of severely ill and hypoxic children with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, in preterm infants of less than 34 weeks gestation, and in adults with acute lung injury and adult respiratory distress syndrome. There are some reports of its use for intestinal ischemia, reperfusion injury, thrombotic disorders, and sickle cell crises. 

Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant that inhibits the peripheral reuptake of catecholamines, leading to increased sympathomimetic activity [129]. Its abuse is associated with a variety of medical problems. These include acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, cerebrovascular accidents, hyperpyrexia and stimulated sympathetic activity, seizures and coma, obstetrical comphcations, intestinal ischemia and a variety of psychiatric complications [128-131]. A number of reports in the mid to late 1980 s described patients who developed rhabdomyolysis while using cocaine [132-134]. Some of these patients experienced acute kidney injury [135-139]. While the exact incidence of acute kidney injury secondary to cocaine rhabdomyolysis is unknown, in one reported series it occurred... 

Granger, D.N., Rutili, G. and McCord, J. M. (1981) Superoxide radicals in feline intestinal ischemia. Gastroenterology 81 22-29. 

Microbial translocation, particularly bacterial, is a possible cause of activation of SIRS. Surgical patients are at a high risk of bacterial translocation secondary to enteric overgrowth, intestinal ischemia, bowel status, or hemorrhagic shock. However, significance of bacterial translocation in the development of MODS is unclear. 

Danse EM, Laterre PF, Van Beers BE et al (1997) Early diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia contribution of color Doppler sonography. Acta Chir Belg 97 173-176... 

Wiesner WMortelE KJ, Glickman JN, Ji H, Ros P (2001) Pneumatosis intestinal and portomesenteric venous gas in intestinal ischemia correlation of CT findings with severity of ischemia and clinical outcome. AJR Am J Roentgenol 177 1319-1323... 

Jarvinen 0, Laurikka J, Sisto T, Tarkka MR (1996) Intestinal ischemia following surgery for aorto-iliac disease. A review of 502 consecutive aortic reconstructions. Vasa 25 148-155... 

Brewster DC, Franklin DP, Cambria RP, Darling RC, Moncure AC, Lamuraglia GM, Stone WM, Abbott WM (1991) Intestinal ischemia complicating abdominal aortic surgery. Surgery 109 447-454... 

Akahori, T. et al. (2006) A novel CCR5/CXCR3 antagonist protects intestinal ischemia/reperflision injury. Transplantation Proceedings, 38 (10), 3366-3368. 

The anti-inflammatory activity and therapeutic potential of evasins have been demonstrated in animal models [67]. Evasin-1 caused a significant reduction in skin inflammation in D6 mice sensitized with TPA and reduced lethahty, decreased leukocyte infiltration and preserved the lung architecture in a lung injury model. Evasin-3 was tested in a mouse model of antigen-induced arthritis and it was found to reduce leukocyte infiltration in the synovial cavity and inflammation. Both evasin-1 and evasin-3 reduced lethality in an intestinal ischemia model. 

Evennett, N., Cerigioni, E., Hall, N.J., Pierro, A., and Eaton, S. 2014. Smooth muscle actin as a novel serologic marker of severe intestinal damage in rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and human necrotising enterocolitis. J Surg Res, 191(2) 323-330. 

In an intestinal ischemia-reperfusion mouse model, acute inflammation is a rapid tissue response, presenting higher levels of TNF-a, adhesion molecules (E-selectin and ICAM-1), polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulation, and NFkB activation. These processes are significantly attenuated in CORM-2-treated mice [71]. More recently, the same authors have found anti-inflammatory effect of CORM-2 in a mouse model of acute colitis, where this molecule has inhibited the production of keratinocyte chemoattractant and TNF-a in... 

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