Intestinal damage

Boughton-Smith, N.K., Berry, S., Evans, S.M., Whittle, B.J.R, and Moncada, S. (1992c). Intestinal damage and the induction of nitric oxide synthase by endotoxin in the rat. Gastroenterology 102, A598. 

Mowat, A.M. (1989) Antibodies to IFN-gamma prevent immunologically mediated intestinal damage in murine graft-versus-host reaction. Immunology 68, 18-23. 

An indirect proof of the role exerted by gut bacteria in the pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy is represented by the similarities between indomethacin-induced intestinal damage and Crohn s disease [234, 246], Not only are these lesions anatomically (both macro- and microscopically) similar [246], but also sensitive to the same drugs, e.g. sulfasalazine [234,247], steroids [234,247], immunosuppressive compounds [248], and antibiotics [234-237],... 

Trauma, major surgery, bums or haemorrhagic shock can result in damage to the small and large intestine. Damage to the colon in particular can increase the translocation of bacteria into the peritoneal cavity leading to sepsis ( see below and Chapter 18). 

The capacity of NSAIDs to cause intestinal damage has been demonstrated in a case-control study (127) as well as by experience with a special formulation of indometacin (Osmosin) (SEDA-15, 93). Severe intestinal damage perforation and bleeding is a very rare complication of... 

Animal studies in rats show a protective effect of garlic from intestinal damage from methotrexate (38,39) and 5-fluorouracil (39), but human data is not available. 

Horie T, Matsumoto H, Kasagi M, et al. Protective effect of aged garlic extract on the small intestinal damage of rats induced by methotrexate administration. Planta Med 1999 65 545-548. 

For similar exposure routes and forms of mercury, the harmful health effects seen in children are similar to the effects seen in adults. High exposure to mercury vapor causes lung, stomach, and intestinal damage and death due to respiratory failure in severe cases. These effects are similar to those seen in adult groups exposed to inhaled metallic mercury vapors at work. 

Secondary lactose intolerance may occur as a result of reduced enzyme activity following diffuse intestinal damage from infections (giardiasis, bacterial overgrowth, or viral gastroenteritis), ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and tropical sprue. This deficiency is usually reversible following recovery from the disorder. 

Boughton-Smith, N. K., Hutcheson, I. R., Deakin, A. M., Whittle, B. J., and Moncada, S. (1990). Protective effect of S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine in endotoxin-induced acute intestinal damage in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 191, 485-488. 

The Celastraceae family took on a new lease of life in the seventies when the maytansinoids, compounds with exceptional antitumoral properties, were discovered [116]. Nonetheless, the maytansinoids have not been made into a useful drug form as they cause serious gastro-intestinal damage when applied to rats [117]. 

Evennett, N., Cerigioni, E., Hall, N.J., Pierro, A., and Eaton, S. 2014. Smooth muscle actin as a novel serologic marker of severe intestinal damage in rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion and human necrotising enterocolitis. J Surg Res, 191(2) 323-330. 

Lu, P., F. Bar-Yoseph, L. Levi, Y. Lifshitz, J. Witte-Bouma, A. C. de Bruijn, A. M. Korteland-van Male, J. B. van Goudoever and I. B. Renes (2013). "High beta-palmitate fat controls the intestinal inflammatory response and limits intestinal damage in muein Muc2 defieient miee." PLoS One 8(6) e65878. 

Celiac disease (Celiac sprue)— Celiac disease is due to a genetically-inherited intolerance to wheat gluten, a main constituent of wheat flour, which is also present to a small extent in rye, barley, and oats, but not in rice. Such persons develop lesions of the small intestine which lead to diarrhea and malabsorption. It is not known why gluten causes intestinal damage. Symptoms usually arise during the first 3 years of life, but it may affect adults. Fbtients are relieved if gluten is excluded completely from the diet. 

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