International Commission radiation measurement

U.S. radiation protection guidelines are estabHshed by the National CouncH on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) and are based on the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The National Research CouncH also sponsors a report from its advisory committee on the biological effects of ionizing radiations (20). 

ICRU. 1980. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. ICRU Report No. 33. Washington, DC. 

Since 1925, The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements at Bethesda, Maryland has been publishing reports updating the definitions and units for measurements of various radiation-related quantities. Of these ICRU Reports, special mention may be made of reports no. 19 (1971) [radiation quantities and units], 33 (1980) [radiation quantities and units], 36 (1983) [microdosimetry], 47 (1992) [thermoluminiscent dosimetry], and 51 (1993) [radiation protection dosimetry]. A succinct description of various devices used in dosimetry, such as ionization chambers, chemical and solid-state dosimeters, and personnel (pocket) dosimeters, will be found in Spinks and Woods (1990). In this section, we will only consider some chemical dosimeters in a little detail. For a survey of the field the reader is referred to Kase et at, (1985, 1987), McLaughlin (1982), and to the International Atomic Energy Agency (1977). Of the earlier publications, many useful information can still be gleaned from Hine and Brownell (1956), Holm and Berry (1970), and Shapiro (1972). 

Cooperate with the International Commission on Radiological Protection, the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, and other national and international organizations, governmental and private, concerned with radiation quantities, units, and measurements and with radiation protection. 

Radiation Quantities and Units International Commission on Radiological Units and Measurements Bethesda, 1980 Report No. 33. 

ICRU, Stopping powers and ranges for protons and alpha particles, Vol. 49, ICRU Report, International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 1993. 

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy, ICRU Report 50 Bethesda, Maryland, 1993. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Prescribing, Recording and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy (Supplement to ICRU Report 50), ICRU Report... 

Some cancers are caused by exposure to the sun or to naturally occurring radioactive isotopes. The estimated cancer incidence caused by these combined exposures is approximately 0.5 to 1.0 percent during a lifetime, with two-thirds of the exposure stemming from radon alone (Kocher and Hoffman 1991,1989 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement 1987,15,53 International Commission on Radiological Protection 1991, 188). 

In 1993, ANSI issued a revised version of this standard (ANSI, 1993). The 30 cm diameter sphere of soft tissue of density 1 g cm was modified to a 30 cm X 30 cm X 16 cm slab of soft tissue with the composition defined by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements [ICRU (1992)]. NVLAP and NRC have announced plans to use the revised version (NVLAP, 1994). 

ICRU (1992). International Commission on Radiation Units and Meeisure-ments. Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Photon and Electron Radiations, ICRU Report No. 47 (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland). 

Radiation protection recommendations for radiation workers and members of the public are provided by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) (ICRP 1977,1991) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) (NCRP 1987, 1993). These... 

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