Internal limiting membrane

The retina consists of 10 layers the RPE, photoreceptor outer segments, external limiting membrane (ELM), outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, and internal limiting membrane (ILM). The term neurosensory retina includes all the above except the most external layer, the RPE. 

Vascular cell nuclei are considered to be associated with neovascularization if they are on the vitreous side of the internal limiting membrane. Only endothelial cell nuclei that are clearly part of a vessel structure with a discernable lumen in any plane are included in our analysis (Fig. 5.2). All such cells are counted unless... 

CME results from many ocular conditions but is not an independent disease entity. Retinal cell processes in Henle s layer run parallel to the surface of the internal limiting membrane, and the laxity of this layer fc>rms a potential reservoir for extravascular fluid resulting from breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, which forms extracellular cystoid spaces in the perifoveal area. CME accompanies several retinal vascular diseases, including diabetic maculopathy central retinal venous occlusion, and branch venous occlusion. It may follow surgical procedures, most often cataract extraction and retinal detachment repair, or posterior inflammatory conditions, including pars planitis, chronic uveitis, and miscellaneous conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa. 

Mester U, Dillinger P. Vitrectomy with arteriovenous decompression and internal limiting membrane dissection in branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2002 22 740-746. 

Bourges et al. studied the kinetics of polylactide (PLA) nanoparticle (NP) localization within the intraocular tissues and to evaluate their potential to release encapsulated material. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) showed the flow of the NPs from the site of injection into the vitreous cavity and their rapid settling on the internal limiting membrane. Histology demonstrated the anatomic integrity of the injected eyes and showed no toxic effects. A mild inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in the ciliary body 6 h after the injection and in the posterior vitreous and retina at 18-24 h. The intensity of inflammation decreased markedly by 48 h. Confocal and fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry showed that a transretinal movement of the NPs was... 

Brilliant blue has been used to assist internal limiting membrane peeling during surgery for macular holes and epiretinal membranes, without adverse reactions f25, 26, 2T]. 

Enaida H, Hisatomi T, Hata Y, Ueno A, Goto Y, Yamada T, Kubota T, Ishibashi T. Brilliant blue G selectively stains the internal limiting membrane/brilliant blue G-assisted membrane peeling. Retina 2006 26(6) 631-6. 

Naithani P, Vashisht N, Khanduja S, Sinha S, Garg S. Brilliant blue G-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane in macular hole surgery. Indian J Ophthalmol 2011 59(2) 158-60. 

Staining Applications Mitochondria " " internal limiting membrane vitreous lens capsule of eye serum albumin hairs ... 

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