Branch retinal vein occlusion

Treat other disorders of the retina associated with intraretinal or subretinal fluid build-up, including central serous retinopathy, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, and cystoid and diabetic macular edema. 

Figure 1 BRVO is characterized by intraretinal hemorrhages and a dilated retinal venule in one quadrant of the retina. This example demonstrates secondary macular edema with retinal exudates. Abbreviation BRVO, branch retinal vein occlusion.

In summary, there has been controversy over whether central and branch retinal vein occlusions are associated with increased plasma viscosity or elevated hematocrit and whether the results for nonischemic CRVO are better than the natural history. There have been further contradictory findings regarding the efficacy of this treatment for ischemic CRYO. Although promising results have been demonstrated, the technique requires evaluation with larger randomized controlled clinical trials. 

Saika et al. (79) reported on a group of 19 eyes that had pars plana vitrectomy, elevation of the posterior hyaloid, fluid gas exchange, and cataract extraction with intraocular lens implant. Ten of the 19 eyes had decreased in macular edema as identified on optical coherence tomography the mean thickness decreased from 383 to 208 pm. However, there was no statistically significant improvement in visual acuity. If only patients with more recent onset of branch retinal vein occlusion were included in the analysis, a visual improvement was noted. 

Frangieh GT, Green WR, Barraquer-Somers E, Finkelstein D. Histopathologic study of nine branch retinal vein occlusions. Arch Ophthalmol 1982 100 1132-1140. 

Chen HC, Wiek J, Gupta A, Luckie A, Kohner EM. Effect of isovolaemic haemodilution on visual outcome in branch retinal vein occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 1998 82 162-7. 

Cahill MT, Fekrat S. Arteriovenous sheathotomy for branch retinal vein occlusion. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 2002 15 417-442. 

Opremcak EM, Bruce RA. Surgical decompression of branch retinal vein occlusion via arteriovenous crossing sheathotomy a prospective review of 15 cases. Retina 1999 19 1-5. 

Shah GK. Adventitial sheathotomy for treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000 41 877-879. 

Mester U, Dillinger P. Vitrectomy with arteriovenous decompression and internal limiting membrane dissection in branch retinal vein occlusion. Retina 2002 22 740-746. 

Fekrat S, Goldberg MF, Finkelstein D. Laser-induced chorioretional venous anatomosis for nonischemic central or branch retinal vein occlusion. Arch Ophthmol 1998 116 43-52. 

Bevacizumab has been studied in advanced carcinoid tumors [167 ], prostate cancer [168 ], high-risk corneal transplantation [169 ], diabetic retinopathy [170 , 171, 172 ], ischemic retinal diseases [173 ], refractory choroidal neovascularization secondary to uveitis [174 ], macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion [175 ], retinal angiomatous proliferation [176% choroidal neovascularization attributable to pathological myopia [177, 178], exudative age-related macular degeneration [179 ], multifocal lymphangioendothe-liomatosis with thrombocytopenia [180" ], in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer [181 j, advanced melanoma [182 ], malignant pleural mesothelioma [183 ],... 

Jaissle G, Leitritz M, Gelisken F, Ziemssen F, Bartz-Schmidt K, Szurman P. One-year results after intra-vitreal bevacizumab therapy for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Graefe s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009 247(1) 27-33. 

Kaur S, Sachdev N. Unilateral branch retinal arterial occlusion following adininistration of bevacizumab for branch retinal vein occlusion. Int Ophthalmol October 2013 33(5) 549-52. http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/sl0792-012-9679-l. Epub 2012 November 22. PubMed PMID 23179231. 

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