Interactions of fullerenes

As mentioned earlier, there is an interaction of fullerene derivatives with cytochrome c (Witte et al., 2007). The importance of these interactions is quite evident, considering that drags, before reaching their target, interact with serum proteins, cross cellular barriers, and come in contact with enzymes of the metabolic path such as cytochrome P450. Therefore, these studies are really important to develop new fullerene derivatives as potential drags. 

Although HIV infection inhibition is mainly due to interaction of fullerene derivatives with viral enzymes, it is necessary to consider that this is not the only exploitable mechanism. In fact, the photodynamic inactivation of influenza vims has also been proposed (Zarubaev et al., 2007). The outer viral membrane is destroyed, while it seems that the protein profile of allantoic fluid, in which the vims was propagated, remains unchanged, confirming one more time the great potentiality of fullerene. 

Taking into account that ROS produced by irradiated fullerenes C60 may act only in the radius of their short diffusion existence, one may suppose that cytotoxic effect is determined by the interaction of fullerene C60 with the surface of cells and initiation of chain reactions of free radical peroxidation in membranes. That is why the influence of photoexcited fullerene C60 on the course of LPO process was studied and evaluated by the content of generated primary (diene conjugates) and final (Schiff bases) products. The content of diene conjugates in thymocytes was 17.7 4.2, inEAC cells was 21.1 1.3, andinL1210 was 12.8 3.1 nM/mg protein, and Schiff bases -56 7.9,46.5 4.5, and 36.6 4.6 rel. units/mg protein, respectively, and did not alter during 1 h incubation of the cells. 

Beardmore K, Smith R (1995) C60 Film Growth and The Interaction of Fullerenes with Bare and H Terminated Si Surfaces, Studied by Molecular Dynamics, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys Res, Sect B 106 74-79... 

The Peierls transition to the structure without tripling of the translational period takes place with an increase of temperature [9]. According to our calculations for T > Tp the periodic potential of interaction of fullerene C20 with (8,8) CNT has the period 5 = 0.246 nm and the barrier AU 0.4 meV between minima of the potential. Thus, the barrier to relative motion of the fullerene along the CNT axis changes at Tp. Therefore the transition from jump diffusion to free motion of the fullerene along the CNT axis can take place at this temperature. 

The investigation of interactions of fullerene molecules with organic molecules may bring essential contribution to the study of physicochemical properties of fullerenes. The most distinctly intermolecular interactions are manifested in adsorption and chromatography based on these interactions. The study of adsorption at small coverage of different organic molecules on fullerene crystal surface makes it possible to determine thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption by means of which the intermolecular interactions can be described. 

The properties of fullerene molecules arranged in surface layer of fullerene crystals can be characterized from the adsorption of compounds with different functional groups. Although the properties of free fullerene molecules are slightly different from the properties of fullerene in a crystal surface nevertheless the data on adsorption of organic compounds of different classes can be used to characterize intermolecular interaction of fullerenes with organic molecules and properties of fullerene molecules itself. 

For the characterization of interaction of fullerene molecules with organic compounds it is more convenient to determine not only thermodynamic characteristics of adsorption of molecule on the whole but also the contribution of different groups or fragments of molecules to these characteristics [24,25]. 

The surface of fullerene molecules itself in porous fullerene - containing aerogel probably are screened for the interaction with other organic molecules owing to the bonding of possible 14 aminocompounds with fullerene molecules during the reaction of polycondensation [19]. So to prepare fullerene containing adsorbent with opened for interaction of fullerene molecules with other compounds it is better to modify silica surface by 3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane and then to modify this adsorbent by fullerene molecules. In this case fullerene molecules can be attached to the surface only from one side of molecule and after reaction of modification the pore surface will be covered by fullerene molecules. The pore diameter and specific surface area of prepared adsorbent will be determined... 

In a review on the relationship of fullerenes with biological sciences, fullerenes and their derivatives were reported by Jensen et al. [126] to influence biological processes in vivo. However, the mechanism was not yet fully understood as interactions of fullerenes at the biomolecular level had not been sufficiently studied. This was due, in turn, to the low solubihty of fullerenes in water, a drawback which has led to some work on the production of stable water solutions of fullerenes. Indeed, the low solubility in water of fullerenes and the... 

The interaction of fullerenes with semiconductors and metals is strong and complex. In particular, fullerenes on bare silicon are very likely to be chemisorbed which entails a charge transfer and accounts for an additional bonding beyond van der Waals bonding [3,4], Low work-function metals as Al or Ca, form an ohmic electron injecting contact to fullerene thin-films [5], As Al is also ohmic to p-Si too, it is concluded, that the observed rectification if the IV-characteristics is due to the p-Si/fullerene interface. 

FuUerene, that represents one of the first novel nanomaterials that was discover by interdisciplinary, multinational team 40 years ago, has been since meticulously investigated. Such investigations involve also interactions of fullerene with biological species. Recentiy bacterial reverse mutation caused by fullerene was tested... 

The influence of nanostmctuies on the media and compositions was discussed based on quantum-chemical modeling [9]. After comparing the energies of interaction of fullerene derivatives with water clusters, it was found that the increase in the interactions in water medium under the nanostmcture influence is achieved only with the participation of hydroxyfullerene in the... 

Electrochemical studies of interactions of fullerenes and their ions with the medium... 

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