Fullerenes preparation

Bausch J W, Prakash G K S, Olah G A, Tse D S, Lorents D C, Bae Y K and Malhotra R 1991 Considered novel aromatic systems. 11. Diamagnetic polyanions of the Cgg and C g fullerenes. preparation, 13-C and 7-Li NMR spectroscopic observation, and alkylation with methyliodide to polymethylated fullerenes J. Am. 

The field of fullerene chemistry expanded in an unexpected direction in 1991 when Sumio lijima of the NEC Fundamental Research Laboratories in Japan discovered fibrous carbon clusters in one of his fullerene preparations This led within a short time to substances of the type portrayed in Figure 11 7 called single-walled nanotubes The best way to think about this material IS as a stretched fullerene Take a molecule of Ceo cut it in half and place a cylindrical tube of fused six membered carbon rings between the two halves... 

Following the discovery of a bulk fullerene preparation process in 1990, the covalent chemistry of these carbon allotropes has developed at a phenomenal pace. Frontier orbital (LUMO) and tether-directed functionalization concepts have been successfully applied to the regio- and stereoselective preparation of multiple covalent adducts of C60. These have found increasing applications in the construction of functional supramol-ecules. More recently, the sequence of Bingel reaction - retro-Bingel reaction has provided an elegant access to isomerically pure higher fullerenes and, in particular, to pure carbon enantiomers. 

Units and methods are developed to study the effect of active forms of oxygen on fullerene-based photosensitizers. The kinetics of the inactivation of influenza vims in saline and allantoic fluid during the course of photodynamic treatment using fullerene preparations is studied. Optimization of conditions has been conducted for viral inactivation (irradiation, doses, concentration of fullerene, and intensity of oxygen flow). Experiments are performed for inactivation of vims in blood semm. 

Ikeda A, Sato T, Kitamura K et al. (2005) Efficient photocleavage of DNA utilising water-soluble lipid membrane-incorporated [60]fullerenes prepared using a [60]fullerene exchange method. Org Biomol Chem. 3 2907-2909. 

The most widely used method of fullerene and carbon nanotube preparation is an arc discharge in a buffer gas. Helium is usually applied as the gas. Argon is more widespread and cheap gas than helium. However the fullerene yield is less than 2 % with that gas whereas in a helium arc discharge it is about ten times greater. We have worked out an effective method of small quantity fullerene preparation by means of an argon arc discharge [1-3]. This report informs about the further investigation in this direction. 

Conducting the normal Kratschmer-Muffman arc fullerene preparation, with graphite rods doped with SC2O3 in a dynamic atmosphere that contains dinitrogen in addition... 

Fig. 4.40. Example of functionalization of fullerenes. Preparation of fulleroids by reaction of fullerenes with diazoalkane [Suzuki T, Li Q, Khemani KC, Wudl F, Almarsson O (1991) Science 254 1186]...

Composite films of Ceo fullerenes and silver, aluminum, and copper were obtained by Hou et al. [113] the procedure entailed evaporating fullerenes prepared by the arc process and sputtering metal onto their condensate. 

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