Integrators data processing

Ethanol concentration in the fermentation broth is determined by using gas chromatography (HP 5890 series II with HP Chemstation data processing software, Hewlett-Packard, Avondale, PA) with a Poropak Q Column, and a Hewlett-Packard model 3380A integrator. A flame ionisation detector (FID) is used to determine ethanol. The oven temperature is maintained at 180 °C, and the injector and detector temperature are maintained at 240 °C. The sample taken from the fermentation media has to be filtered and any internal standard must be added for analysis based on internal standard methods otherwise, the area under the peak must be compared with known standard samples for calculation based on external standard methods. 

Contextual design is a flexible software design approach that collects multiple customer-centered techniques into an integrated design process [7]. The approach is centered around contextual inquiry sessions in which detailed information is gathered about the way individual people work and use systems and the associated information flow. The data from each contextual inquiry session are used to create sequence models that map the exact workflow in a session along with any information breakdowns, flow models that detail the flow of information between parties and systems (much akin to but less formal... 

Studies conducted in the laboratory provide fundamental data on processes by which a pesticide is degraded and on its mobility. In combination with field observations, which integrate multiple processes, these data describe a pesticide s environmental fate. This section provides a discussion of several important specific analytical issues which should be considered in the design of environmental fate studies to ensure that the data generated address the needs of scientists and regulatory agencies for information on the environmental fate and environmental and ecological impacts of a pesticide to the fullest extent. 

Multidimensional technology (comprising integrated, automated data processing)... 

The Chem Master Workstation is a gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data-processing system that speeds the flow of data through the laboratory and provides essential quality-assurance and quality-control review. It is a PC-based integrated hardware/ software system that converts gas chromatographic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric data into reliable analytical reports. 

In addition, bioinformatics databases have been expanded to integrate data on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of drugs. Through these comprehensive sets of data, scientists have at their disposal powerful means to relate disease targets and their cellular functions to physiological and pathological processes. 

Rourick, R. A., Jenkins, K. M., Walsh, J., Xu, R., Cai, Z. and Kassel, D. B., Integration of Custom LC/MS Automated Data Processing Strategies for the Rapid Assessment of Metabolic Stability and Metabolic Identification in Drug Discovery, American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2002 Conference Abstract, Orlando, FL, USA, 2002. 

Despite these advancements in chromatographic data processing, peak detection and integration algorithms were crude, the user interface was cumbersome, and there was very little flexibility in the types of reports that these systems could generate. 

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