Insurance cover liability

Insurance cover, liability and regulatory fines act as incentives for companies to comply with legislation or even adopt beyond-compliance practices [230, 231]. A new approach in improving compliance with environmental legislation comes in the form of performance bonds , which is a variation of environmental liability [232], The amount of a bond is based on the potential future environmental damages that could be attributed against a chemical producer. If damages occur, the bond funds environmental remediation otherwise it is returned with interest or traded. 

When the cause of the incident has been established and the costs of rectification finalized, these will be compared with the insurance cover provided by the policy and the extent of the insurer s liability, if any, determined. The policy will normally be one of indemnity, i.e. returning the insured to the same position after an accident as he was before. This may be achieved by repairing or replacing what is damaged or by paying the amount of the damage. It may be necessary to carry out modifications to prevent a recurrence of the accident or desirable to up-rate the specification for better performance or the life of the machine may have been extended by the repairs carried out. In this case a degree of betterment is involved which will be reflected in the settlement by a contribution by the insured to the cost of repairs. 

There is a legal requirement upon most employers to have in force employer s liability insurance covering injury to their employees. Public liability insurance, while not compulsory, is strongly recommended, both in terms of third-party liability (arising from the effects of corporate activities) and product liability (arising from the effects of corporate products. 

It should be noted that very few standard product liability policies provide cover for liability for the costs of repairing or replacing defective products or those, which fail to perform as intended, nor for the costs of any necessary product recall. The insurer s liability in any one period of insurance for injury or damage caused by products during that period shall not exceed the selected limit of indemnity. 

The Sponsor will take out appropriate insurance cover or will provide evidence to the satisfaction of the NHS Trust of self-insurance in respect of its potential liability under clauses 5.1 and... 

Provision for indemnity or compensation in the event of injury or death of subjects attributable to the clinical trial, and for insurance or indemnity to cover liability of the investigator and sponsor must be described. The financial arrangements for rewarding or compensating investigators and trial subjects and relevant aspects between the sponsor and site and arrangements for recruiting subjects are to be documented. 

To establish a case against the school (the teacher) it is necessary to show that a defendant (LEA/County Council) owed the plaintiff (injured party) a duty of care, that the duty had been breached, and that damage had resulted due to that breach. Personal injury does occur in circumstances where no one is legally at fault. In such cases compensation can only be obtained through specific insurance cover. Increasingly schools are encouraging parents to take out personal insurance to cover such eventualities. Teachers would also be wise to take out personal liability via union membership etc. 

While accident prevention is the first priority, making sure that there is proper insurance cover comes very close behind. This can be liability insurance and/or personal accident insurance. 

PL (I bHc Liability, or third-party) and other relevant insurance cover... 

Where the qualified volunteer negligently operates a motor vehicle, eiircraft, boat or other powered mode of conveyance. If the actionable conduct of the quedified volunteer is covered by a policy of liability insurance, whose liability for ordinary negligence shall be limited to the amount of the coverage provided... 

Chapter 1 Explaining the law (B. Watts) 3 Chapter 2 Principal Health and Safety Acts (S. Simpson) 32 Chapter 3 Subordinate safety legislation (S. Simpson) 55 Chapter 4 Lawof contract (R. W. Hodgin) 80 Chapter 5 Industrial relations law (J. R. Ridley) 90 Chapter 6 Consumer protection (R. G. Lawson) 101 Chapter 7 Insurance cover and compensation (A. West) 112 Chapter 8 Civil liability (E. J. Skellett) 126... 

Policy Cover - the basic cover indemnifies the insured against liability at law for damages and claimant s costs and expenses in respect of bodily injury or disease sustained during the period of insurance by any person under a contract of service or apprenticeship with the insured whilst employed in or temporarily outside the territorial limits which are normally Great Britain, Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man or Channel Islands and arising out of and in the course of his employment. 

Employers are responsible for the health and safety of employees while they are at work. Employees may be injured at work, or they or former employees may become III as a result of their work while employed. They may try to claim compensation from the employer if they believe them to be responsible. The Employers Liability Compulsory Insurance Act 1969 ensures that an employer has at least a minimum level of insurance cover against any such claims. 

With effect from 31 December 1992 the Motor Vehicles (Compulsory Insurance) Regulations came into force requiring all passengers to be covered by motor insurance, including liability arising out of and in the course of employment. 

As with most insurance policies, there are exclusions—actions and activities that are not covered by liability insurance. Examples are the failure of the insured to complete services on time, intentional fraudulent and other acts of the insured, and the insured providing services outside the organization s area of expertise. As is also the case with some other forms of insurance, professional liability insurance typically has deductible provisions—an initial amount of loss that is not covered by the insurance (Bockrath and Plotnick 2011). 

Due to the nature of the common law relating to negligence in the UK it is obvious that an employer is liable to be sued for compensation for any loss or damages suffered by his employees. It is for this reason that employers in the UK are obliged by law to hold compulsory employers liability insurance . This insurance covers the employers for claims from their employees for up to 5 million. Employers will also take out public liability insurance to cover themselves from claims made by third parties who are seeking compensation for a loss, although this is not compulsory. 

The aim of the Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Act 1969 (ELCI), and the supporting Employers Liability (Compulsory Insurance) Regulations 1998, is to ensure that employers have at least a minimum level of insurance cover against civil liability claims made by their ... 

The following provides a general summary of the cover provided by standard liability insurance policies. 

Any insurance or indemnity to cover the liability of fhe sponsor or investigator... 

Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. 

The manufacturers of a mass product that is far from the end-user, such as cement or concrete, are under extreme price competition and slightest changes in, say, the cost stracture can be decisive. Elimination of water-soluble chrome-VI compounds that cause chromate-induced eczema would only increase the price of the product minimally. And even if the severe price competition did in fact permit this increased margin (which is highly probable in this example), there has been no significant iimovation push. Uirfortunately, this occupational disease is hardly perceived by the public and the costs incurred by this type of eczema evidently can be externalised by the cement industry (and covered by the employer s liability insurance). 

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