Insulin drug administration

Over the past three decades, recombinant DNA research has resulted in the production of dozens of new drugs, of which the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved about 50 for general use. These drugs include insulin (for the treatment of dia-... 

The first drug to be produced using recombinant DNA methods was insulin. In 1979, researchers at Eli Lilly and Company devised a procedure for synthesizing insulin using the common bacterium E. coli. The procedure was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1982, and genetically modified human insulin became commercially available in that year under the trade name of Humulin . 

Whenever (3-blocker therapy is employed, the period of greatest danger for asthmatics or insulin-dependent diabetics is during the initial period of drug administration, since the greatest disruption of the autonomic balance will occur at this time. If marked toxicity does not occur during this period, further doses are less likely to cause problems. 

G.G. Carter, National Center for Antibiotic and Insulin Analysis, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. (1974). 

Administration to market genetically engineered human insulin. 1982 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves the first genetically engineered drug, a form of human insulin produced by bacteria. 

The biotechnology industry has evolved significantly since the introduction in 1982 of human insulin synthesized in Escherichia coli—the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved recombinant therapeutic agent in the United States. Since then, over 75 other recombinant proteins have been introduced. The list is comprised of cytokines, hormones, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines. There are more than 1100 companies competing for this market, and the current sale of these products comprises approximately 10% of the sales of all therapeutic products sold in the United States. One such product, erythropoietin, an erythropoiesis-stimulating factor also known... 

The s.c. route is used for drug administration, such as insulin, that requires slow absorption. It is not... 

The s.c. route is used for drug administration, such as insulin, that requires slow absorption. It is not commonly employed for medication administration for pediatric patients but is used for specific drugs. Typically a 1/2-or 1-in. (1.25- or 2.5-cm) needle is used with the volume of drug that can be administered by this route ranging from 0.1 to 1 ml (drug volume administered depends on patient size). 

In the not too distant future, Insulin intake will become even easier. Thanks to a new insulin inhaler, by Generex, insulin injections may become relics of the past. The inhaler sprays insulin out into the mouth like a mist, which coats the membranes of the mouth, throat and tongue. The insulin then passes quickly through the membranes into the bloodstream. The new insulin inhaler is in phase two clinical trials. If all goes well, the Food and Drug Administration could put it on a fast track for approval, making it available on the market in less than two years. 

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