Insulating core transformers

There are seven types of electron accelerator available for industrial uses [41] (1) Van de Graaff generator (2) Cockcroft-Walton generator (3) insulated core transformer (4) parallel coupling, cascading rectifier accelerator (5) resonant beam transformer (6) Rhodetron (7) linear accelerator (LINAC). 

The insulated core transformer is another direct electron beam machine. It is similar to a three-phase power transformer in that a core and coils are used. One insulated core transformer will drive three accelerator tubes, which allows great flexibility and good power utilization. The Linac (linear accelerator) is an indirect electron beam ma-... 

A radiation dose of 1 kw. could irradiate about 795 pounds per hour of any material to a dose level of 1 Mrad at 100% efficiency. The power efficiency of the different machines varies from a low of 15% for a Van de Graaff accelerator or resonant transformer to 90% for an insulating core transformer. On the other hand, the Van de Graaff accelerator, being a d.c. machine, can be precisely controlled and adjusted, which is important for research and development. The resonant transformer, Dynamitron, and ICT are less precise, but they have lower operating costs and higher output power, making them more suitable for production purposes. 

A common misconception about the e-beam process is that high-energy electrons mean high energy costs. In fact, the e-beam accelerator (using insulated core transformers) is an energy-efficient means of creating the OH... 

The earlier types of electrical accelerating machines such as the Van de Graaff, the Capacitron, the Resonant Transformer, and the Linear Accelerator have been supplemented by two new types, the Insulated Core Transformer and the Dynamitron. 

The high dc potential is led away to an acceleration tube for either negative or positive particles, according to the need. Some designs of insulated core transformer are arranged to feed two acceleration tubes where these are needed for radiation processing. 

Schematic pictures of high-voltage power supplies of cascade multiplier types, (a) Cockcroft-Walton generator, (b) Insulated core transformer (HVEC), (c) Dynamitron (Radiation Dynamics), (d) Tandetron (HVEC)...

Low-frequency transformers with iron cores connected to rectifier circuits can generate potentials up to approximately 1 MV. Traditionally, iron core transformers are insulated by oil, but the recent models use sulfur hexafluoride. The energy rating of these generators is in the range from 0.3 and 1 MeV with beam powers up to 100... 

The nonahydrate and other hydrated aluminum nitrates have many apph-cations. These salts are used to produce alumina for preparation of insulating papers, in cathode tube heating elements, and on transformer core laminates. The hydrated salts are also used for extraction of actinide elements. 

Aluminum nitrate is used in antiperspirants, for tanning leather, as a corrosion inhibitor, in the preparation of insulating papers, on transformer core laminates, in incandescent filaments, and in cathode ray tube heating elements (HSDB 1995). 

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