Cockcroft-Walton generators

There are seven types of electron accelerator available for industrial uses [41] (1) Van de Graaff generator (2) Cockcroft-Walton generator (3) insulated core transformer (4) parallel coupling, cascading rectifier accelerator (5) resonant beam transformer (6) Rhodetron (7) linear accelerator (LINAC). 

Cockcroft-Walton Generator Named after John Douglas Cockcroft (1897-1967)... 

Fig. 3. Principle of linear accelerator (linac). Partially accelerated electrons from a source, such as a Cockcroft-Walton generator, arc further accelerated by stages as rhe electrons pass through radio-frequency cavities, powered by if oscillators. Each paiticle receives a small push as it passes from one cavity to the next until the final desired accelerated beam is produced Tile machine must be carefully synchronized CSG = Cockcroft-Walton generator, RFO = radio-frequency oscillator RFC = radio-frequency cavity...

Fig. 5. An early fixed-target accelerator comprised of a laige main-ring synchrotron with four stages of acceleration (MRA) a booster synchrotron a linear accelerator (linac), and a Cockcroft-Walton generator. Pistons aie accelerated to 0, 5 MeV in the Cockcroft-Walton generator to 300 MeV in the linac to 8 GeV in the booster synchrotron, and to 400-500 GeV in the mam-ring synchrotron. Experiments are not limited to accelerated protons, but also can be conducted with beams of secondary particles (mesons and neutrinos) which are knocked out of the target by impacting protons...

British physicist, who Joined Rutherford at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge, where with Ernest Walton (1903-95) he built a linear accelerator (see Cockcroft-Walton generator), in 1932, using the apparatus to bombard lithium nuclei with protons, they produced the first artificial nuclear transformation. For this work they were awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize. 

Schematic pictures of high-voltage power supplies of cascade multiplier types, (a) Cockcroft-Walton generator, (b) Insulated core transformer (HVEC), (c) Dynamitron (Radiation Dynamics), (d) Tandetron (HVEC)...

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the major components of a Cockcroft-Walton type neutron generator...

Johnson, A. G. Tritium Considerations Associated with the Operation of Cockcroft-Walton-Type Neutron Generators. U. S. Atomic Energy Commision. Unpublished report (1965). 

The earliest of such devices were the linear Cockcroft-Walton accelerator (1929), the circular cyclotron (1930), and the Van de Graaff generator (1931). Modern synchrotrons are large machines that have both tinear and curved sections. The most powerful synchrotron is the Tevatron proton accelerator at the Fermilab located near Batavia, Illinois (just outside of Chicago) it ties inside an underground circular tunnel ttiat measures almost... 

In a single-stage accelerator, such as a Cockcroft-Walton type, the total potential produced from a high voltage generator is imposed across the accelerator, i.e. between the ion source and the target. The kinetic energy, of the projectile is ... 

Figure 19.11. Schematic diagram of a Cockcroft-Walton 4-MeV neutron generator.

Accelerators provide a variety of nuclear reactions for production of neutrons. Cockcroft-Walton accelerators can generate 14.8 MeV neutrons by accelerating deuterons ( H) onto a tritium target to produce 10 -10 neutrons s Cyclotrons and linear accelerators can produce high-energy neutrons with a broad spectrum of energies in spallation reactions that result from the bombardment of heavy elements by charged particles. 

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