Inspection analysis

Tecator Ltd., Sweden. (1984) Application Note AN 73/84. Determination of Extractable Phosphorus in Soil by Flow Inspection Analysis. 

A second, independent study repeated the visual inspection analysis and compared the sensitivities and specificities obtained using visual inspection and a precursor of the SCS analysis on the same data set.43 Biopsy samples of postmenopausal ovaries, benign ovarian neoplasms and ovarian cancers ( 0.5 g) were obtained during surgery. The histological types of these samples were normal (19), benign tumour (3), borderline tumour (3), serous carcinoma (13), endometroid carcinoma (17), mixed epithelial carcinoma (3), and small cell carcinoma (4). Proton MRS measurements were performed at 37°C at 8.5 T.43... 

The first study where the SCS was applied to MRS analysis of prostate biopsies was undertaken at the IBD in Winnipeg.42 Proton MRS (Bruker Instruments, 8.5 T were performed at 37°C on specimens of benign (n = 66) and malignant (n = 21) human prostate tissue specimens collected from transurethral resection of the prostate and radical prostatectomy from 50 patients. Typical spectra of malignant prostate tissue and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) are shown in Fig. 5.42 The spectral data were subjected to visual inspection analysis and multivariate analysis, specifically LDA. 

Before the proliferation of digital technologies [i.e., software (SAV) and complex electronic hardware (CEHW)], the behaviours and properties of a system (or item) were easy to establish (or characterise) by direct inspection, analysis or test. Random failure rates were relatively straightforward to deduce, and these failure rates could be used to feed (e.g., see Table 3.3) traditional system safety methodologies. 

Verification is accomplished during the Item Development Phase and is accomplished via reviews, checking, inspection, analysis and test activities see the right hand side of Fig. 1.3. 

The enterprise shall apply the SEP, described in Clause 6, dnring this stage for the purpose of resolving product deficiencies when specifications for the system, prodnct, snbsystem, assembly, or component are not met, as determined by inspection, analysis, demonstration, or test. The pnrpose of the FAIT stage of snbsystem definition is to verify that the products designed satisfy specifications. The major activities of this stage are shown in Table 5. 

The enterprise seleets the appropriate verification method [inspection, analysis (including mock-ups or simulations), demonstration, or test] for evaluating whether functional and performance requirements, and design characteristic identified in the design architecture, are satisfied. A verification matrix is developed to trace the verification method(s) to requirements of the functional architecture and rcquirements baseline. The enterprise also selects the models or prototypes to be used, which may be partial or complete, and may or may not include humans depending on the purpose and objectives of the verification task. 

Risks may be identified through employee identification of them, safely inspections, analysis or accident statistics, and near miss incident audits, checklists and reports. This is not an exhaustive list, however. Once risks are identified, review the process involved from Step 1, within the selected department (Step 2), then evaluate and apply risk control principles in consultation with the department supervisor, employees and health and safety representatives (where they exist). 

Relationships as those shown above can be useful in guiding the experimentation required by scale up and process transfer. However, as the number of variables, and thus the possible dimensionless groups that can be proposed, are quite large, simple dimensional analysis may not be very effective, and inspectional analysis based on the understanding of the underlaying mechanisms may be more appropriate. 

Traditional occupational safety methods are legislation, regulation, standards, safety guidelines, collection of best practices, accident statistics, investigations and inspections, analysis of safety management systems and personal behaviour. The most significant standards used for occupational safety are the British (BSI, 1996,1999) and the international standard by ILO (ILO, 2001). In addition various analyses of occupational accidents have examined the causes of occupational injuries and fatalities such as those performed for... 

V V methods include inspection, analysis, demonstration, and validation and verification. V V activities are determined by the perceived risks, safety, and criticality of the element under consideration. Use of a requirements management tool is essential once a design has been established and V V begins. A unique requirements identifier can be used for traceability to the V V plans, procedures, and reports to provide a closed-loop process from system capability, as proven through a V V process back to the source requirement. Basic V V activities are as follows ... 

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