Benign tumours

YEUM K J, AHN S H, RUPP DE PAIVA S A, LEE-KIM Y C, KRINSKY N I, and RUSSELL R M (1998) Correlation between carotenoid concentration in serum and normal breast adipose tissue of women with benign tumour or breast cancer , JNutr 128 (11) 1920-26. 

Dichloroacetylene was tested for carcinogenicity in mice and rats by inhalation. A treabnent-related increase was observed in the incidence of adenocarcinomas of the kidney in male mice. In rats, the occurrence of benign tumours of the liver and kidney and an increased incidence of lymphomas were reported (lARC, 1986). 

Q6 The cause of excessive PTH secretion maybe primary, secondary, or tertiary. In primary hyperparathyroidism one or more glands show exaggerated functions, do not respond to the normal feedback via serum calcium and secrete PTH autonomously. However, the most common cause (80% of the cases) is a benign tumour of parathyroid tissue in one of the glands. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is due to the development of hypocalcaemia. There is an increase in the level of PTH however, the kidneys, which are major target organs for this hormone, fail to respond and therefore the level of calcium remains low. In tertiary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs in chronic renal failure, the hyperplastic parathyroid cells lose their sensitivity to circulating calcium levels. This leads to autonomous secretion of PTH. 

The most common cause (80% of the cases) is a benign tumour of parathyroid tissue in one of the glands. 

Lloyd, B. H., Platt-Higgins, A., Rudland, P. S. and Barraclough, R. (1998). Human S100A4 (p9Ka) induces the metastatic phenotype on benign tumour cells. Oncogene 17, 465-473. 

As regards the neoformation of benign tumours, distinction is made between nodular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). Because there are several transitional types between these two forms, they are generally regarded as variants of the same basic type of tumour (H.-W. Altmann, 1980). Both types may be multiple, (s. tab. 29.10)... 

Treatment If it is possible, elective resection is indicated. (98) However, due to cardiac or (increasing) hepatic insufficiency, invasive techniques cannot usually be attempted. External irradiation may be used in an effort to minimize the tumour. Ligature or embolization of the afferent hepatic artery is sometimes indicated. Steroid therapy has proved unsuccessful. The use of interferon-a is a new therapeutic approach tumour regression is accelerated and cardiac insufficiency is compensated. (103) Liver transplantations have also been carried out successfully. This infantile, benign tumour may regress with increasing age. 

Schwannoma (neurinoma) is a benign tumour originating from Schwann cells. It is very rare. (126) Recently, a schwannoma of the bile duct causing obstructive jaundice was reported. (127)... 

This rare, congenital benign tumour consists of multiple, small (1-4 mm in diameter) dilations of intrahepatic lymph vessels, which communicate with each other. They contain chylous fluid. Mostly, there are lymphangiomas in other organs as well. (170)... 

A second, independent study repeated the visual inspection analysis and compared the sensitivities and specificities obtained using visual inspection and a precursor of the SCS analysis on the same data set.43 Biopsy samples of postmenopausal ovaries, benign ovarian neoplasms and ovarian cancers ( 0.5 g) were obtained during surgery. The histological types of these samples were normal (19), benign tumour (3), borderline tumour (3), serous carcinoma (13), endometroid carcinoma (17), mixed epithelial carcinoma (3), and small cell carcinoma (4). Proton MRS measurements were performed at 37°C at 8.5 T.43... 

Examples of secondary causes are Cushing s syndrome, phaeochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism, renal disease or use of oral contraceptives and corticosteroids. (Phaeochromocytoma is a benign tumour of the adrenal glands resulting in excessive secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline. See Chapter 6.)... 

The causation of neoplasms are many, for instance the genetic factors e.g., retinoblastoma is determined by a Mendelian dominant factor and so are the multiple benign tumours the chemical carcinogens e.g., arsenic, soot, coal tar, petrolemn lubricating oil the polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens e.g., 1, 2, 5, 6-dibenzanthracene, 3, 4-benzpyrene. 

CMT particular importance is the ability to clearly distinguish betweor malignant and benign tumours and early detectioa A brief review of the published literature shows that all techniques have limited capability in these respects and surgery is required to establish the nature of the tumour. This charactmstic also shows why research in this area is time consuming die ultimate test of a techniciue beyond the proof of concert sts e must be clinical trials. 

A recent study showed that almost 70% of pathological fractures in children are due to benign tumours... 

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