Insects Coleoptera

Interestingly, certain other pore-forming toxins possess helix-bundle motifs that may participate in channel formation, in a manner similar to that proposed for colicin la. For example, the S-endotoxui produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to Coleoptera insects (beetles) and is composed of three domains, including a seven-helix bundle, a three-sheet domain, and a /3-sandwich. In the seven-helix bundle, helix 5 is highly hydrophobic, and the other six helices are amphipathic. In solution (Figure 10.32), the six amphipathic... 

Haidekker A, Hering D (2008) Relationship between benthic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera) and temperature in small and medium-sized streams in Germany a multivariate study. Aquat Sci 42 463 81... 

An insect growth regulator, used to control early instar larvae of Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera in citrus, cotton, and vines and fruiting vegetables The residue of concern is for the parent, fenoxycarb, only... 

Among the Coleoptera, the soldier beetles were most susceptible to DDT and DFDT, with small dosages producing comparatively rapid kills. In general, DFDT was superior to DDT against all insects of this order. 

Coleoptera comprise the largest order of insects and accordingly pheromone structures and biochemical pathways are diverse [98, 99]. Beetle pheromone biosynthesis involves fatty acid, amino acid, or isoprenoid types of pathways. In some cases dietary host compounds can be converted to pheromones, but it is becoming apparent that most beetle pheromones are synthesized de novo. 

In Mexico there exist two major insect pests of corn, an armyworm Laphygma frugiperda (A. S.), which breeds and feeds in the leaf whorls of young corn, and the larvae of certain coleoptera which inhabit the soil and feed upon the roots of the corn plants. Of these two the armyworm is the most important. Its attack is particularly severe on corn grown during the summer but, as it is able to breed continuously, it is a problem in corn grown throughout the year in the tropics. 

OBPs were initially identified in Lepidoptera and later isolated and/or cloned from various insect orders, namely, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Hemiptera ([16] and references therein). Recently, they have been identified from a primitive termite species [ 17], thus, suggesting that this gene family is distributed throughout the Neopteran orders. The three orders most... 

Beetles (Coleoptera) comprise the most species-rich insect order. About 350,000 species have been described today, about 10% of the estimated actual amount. Apart from open oceans, beetles are colonizing almost every habitat and are able... 

Dimethoate Organophosphate 60-51-5 1.05 -1957 Insectic. An insecticide and acaricide used to control a wide range of pests including Aphididae, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera... 

Results from these laboratory studies demonstrated that avermectin Bj had high toxicity for the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on bean plants. When applied in solution directly onto adult and nymphal spider mite populations on foliage, avermectin Bj was shown to be 50-200 times as potent as commercially available acaricides, with an LC q of 0.02-0.03 ppm. Additional tests on foliage with insects in the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera, Isoptera and Hymenoptera confirmed the broad spectrum activity and potency of the avermectin family of compounds and avermectin Bj in particular. Table II provides LC q values for avermectin Bj for the control of larval forms of several of these insects in foliar residue assays (18). 

Scott IM, Jensen H, Scott JG, Isman MB, Arnason JT, Philogene BJR, Botanical insecticides for controlling agricultural pests Piperamides and the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae), Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 54 212—225, 2003. 

Figure 98. A diagram of the accumuiation of pyrroiizidine aikaloids in some insect species during various developmentai stages. It shouid be noted that it is not often that these aikaloids are present in the eggs, as in the case of the Arctia caja. Natural sources are pyrroiizidine alkaloid-rich plant species Senecio spp., Homoptera Senecio and Adenostyles spp., Coleoptera and Senecio, Adenostyles, Petasites, Crotalaria and Heliotropium spp., Lep-idoptera).

We are currently investigating the effect of polyacetylenes and near-UV in sublethal doses during feeding trials with Euxoa messoria CLepidoptera, noctuldae). Potential for further work also exists with the adapted insect, the soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantherldae), which apparently uses a polyacetylene as a defense compound (44),... 

The base, coccinellin (C13H23ON mp 235° dec.) from this Coleoptera was shown to have structure 63 by means of an X-ray analysis. It is the JV-oxide of precoccinellin. It had been shown to protect the insect from attack by predators, especially ants (34). 

A small group of Coleoptera-like, mostly parasitic insects, is the Strepsiptera. The placement of these insects in a totally separate taxonomic group is controversial. A search of the literature did not show any information on their sex pheromone. 

Biemont J.-C., Chaibou, M. and Pouzat J. (1992) Localization and fine structure of the female sex pheromone-producing glands in Bruchidius atrolineatus (Pic) (Coleoptera Bruchidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 21, 251-262. 

Noldt U., Fettkother R. and Dettner K. (1995) Structure of the sex pheromone-producing prothoracic glands of the male old house borer, Hylotrupes bajulus (L.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embrol. 24, 223-234. 

Barkawi L. S., Francke W., Blomquist G. J. and Seybold S. J. (2003) Frontalin de novo biosynthesis of an aggregation pheromone component by Dendroctonus spp. bark beetles (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33, 773-788. 

Gries G., Leufven A., LaFontaine J. P., Pierce H. D. Jr, Borden J. H., Vanderwel D. and Oehlschlager A. C. (1990a) New metabolites of a-pinene produced by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. 20, 365-371. 

Islam N., Bacala R., Moore A. and Vanderwel D. (1999) Biosynthesis of 4-methyl-l-nonanol Female-produced pheromone of the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera Tenebrionidae). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 29, 201-208. 

Ivarsson P. and Birgersson G. (1995) Regulation and biosynthesis of pheromone components in the double spined bark beetle Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera Scolytidae). J. Insect Physiol. 41, 843-849. 

Ivarsson P., Schlyter F. and Birgersson G. (1993) Demonstration of de novo pheromone biosynthesis in Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera Scolytidae) inhibition of ipsdienol and E-myrcenol production by compactin. Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 23, 655-662. 

LanneB. S., IvarssonP., Johnson P., Bergstrom G. and Wassgren A. B. (1989) Biosynthesis of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, a pheromone component of Ips typographus (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Insect Biochem. 19, 163-168. 

Petroski R. J. and Vaz R. (1995) Insect aggregation pheromone response synergized by host type volatiles. Molecular modeling evidence for close proximitiy binding of pheromone and coattractant in Carpophilus hemipterus (L.) (Coleoptera Nitidulidae). In Computer-Aided Molecular Design, eds C. H. Reynolds, M. K. Holloway and H. K. Cox, pp. 197-210. ACS Symposium Series 589, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

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