Insects cockroaches

With regard to male behavior, several recent reports have delineated the time course of maturation of male sexual response, its diel periodicity and circadian regulation, and behavioral tactics employed by males in orienting to females. As in other insects, cockroaches integrate visual and olfactory cues, but the orientation mechanisms have been little studied, especially under natural conditions. In... 

NATURAL RESOURCES Chitin is a biopolymer found in crustaceans shells (crab, shrimp, prawn, lobster) in some mollusks (krill, oyster, clam shells, squid skeleton). It is also found in fungi (mushrooms, yeast) and in various insects (cockroaches, silkworms, spiders, beetles). 

Much of the communication between insects involves chemical messengers called pheromones A species of cockroach secretes a substance from its mandibular glands that alerts other cockroaches to its presence and causes them to congregate One of the principal components of this aggregation pheromone is the alkane shown in the bond line formula that follows Give the molecular formula of this substance and represent it by a condensed formula... 

Encapsulated dia2innon sold as Knox-Out 2FM is a commercial encapsulated pesticide formulation said to have reduced dermal and oral toxicity as well as prolonged effectiveness. The capsules, prepared by interfacial polymeri2ation, are claimed to be highly effective against cockroaches with no objectionable odor and low insect repeUence. The capsules are beheved to function as a contact poison when insects walk on it and as a stomach poison when insects preen capsules stuck to their legs and ingest them (71). 

Because of the importance of safe insecticides in the protection of foods, additional tests have been run against German cockroaches, red flour beetles, and Mexican bean beetle larvae. The residual deposit test was used on the first two insects, and a dust test on the bean beetles. The procedure for the latter method is to incorporate the materials into dusts which are distributed on bean leaves (6) piperonyl cyclonene, which is superior to butoxide against this insect, was included in this series of tests. 

By the beginning of the 1990s, houseflies, Colorado potato beetles, cockroaches, peach aphids, cabbage moths and several other insect species became insensitive to all the insecticides used. 

Abstract Pheromones are utilized by many insects in a complex chemical communication system. This review will look at the biosynthesis of sex and aggregation pheromones in the model insects, moths, flies, cockroaches, and beetles. The biosynthetic pathways involve altered pathways of normal metabolism of fatty acids and isoprenoids. Endocrine regulation of the biosynthetic pathways will also be reviewed for the model insects. A neuropeptide named pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide regulates sex pheromone biosynthesis in moths. Juvenile hormone regulates pheromone production in the beetles and cockroaches, while 20-hydroxyecdysone regulates pheromone production in the flies. 

Moths, beetles, flies, and cockroaches have received the most attention regarding pheromone biosynthesis because their members contain prominent pest species and in addition are typically easy to rear in the laboratory. However several other insects have been investigated regarding pheromone biosynthesis, most notably the bees and butterflies. 

The Diptera regulate ovarian development in a different manner than do cockroaches and beetles. Whereas in most insects JH directly stimulates the fat body... 

Used as a household insecticide to control cockroaches, other household pests, and soil insects. 

Fenvalerate-tolerant strains of arthropods include insect vectors of disease, flies and cockroaches, arthropods of veterinary importance, and agricultural pests (Sawicki 1985). But serious... 

Sodium molybdate and other molybdenum compounds in toxic baits have potential for termite control (Brill et al. 1987). Baits containing 1000 mg Mo/kg were fatal to 99% of the termite Reticu-litermes flavipes in 48 days. After 8 to 10 days, termites became steel-gray in color, but appeared otherwise normal. Mortality began only after day 16. Termites did not avoid the poisoned bait, even at concentrations of 5000 mg Mo/kg. Yoshimura et al. (1987) reported similar results with another species of termite sodium molybdate killed 100% of the workers in a colony of Copotermes formo-sanus within 24 h after eating filter paper treated with a 5% solution. Some other species of insects — including fire ants (Solenopsis sp.) and various species of beetles and cockroaches — were not affected when exposed to baits containing 5000 mg Mo/kg for 48 days (Brill et al. 1987). 

Methoprene is an insect growth regulator and it is also used as an insecticide for cockroaches. The enantioselective isomerization of 7-methoxygeranylamine in the presence of [Rh((+)-BINAP)2]+ followed by acid hydrolysis provides the intermediate, 7-methoxycitronellal, in high yield with high optical purity (97%, 98% ee, Scheme 6).9 Alternatively, methoxylation of ( -citronellalenamine (98% ee) with methanol in the presence of 97% sulfuric acid followed by hydrolysis gives 7-methoxycitronellal in 79% yield without racemiza-tion (Scheme 6).9... 

The EAG technique as a bioassay tool for active fractions has been used in the identification of sex pheromones of many insect species in several orders and remains as a key factor in the identification of pheromones. In the recent identification of the brownbanded cockroach pheromone supellapyrone (7) (Figure 2), the EAG technique was used throughout the entire process of isolating and purifying active material from 12,000... 

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