Inorganic hydrogen cyanide

Appendix D2, Chemical oxidation with chlorine for inorganic (hydrogen cyanide) manufacturing industry. 

Mild acid converts it to the product and ethanol. With the higher temperatures required of the cyano compound [1003-52-7] (15), the intermediate cycloadduct is converted direcdy to the product by elimination of waste hydrogen cyanide. Often the reactions are mn with neat Hquid reagents having an excess of alkene as solvent. Polar solvents such as sulfolane and /V-m ethyl -pyrrol i don e are claimed to be superior for reactions of the ethoxy compound with butenediol (53). Organic acids, phenols, maleic acid derivatives, and inorganic bases are suggested as catalysts (51,52,54,59,61,62) (Fig. 6). 

The compound HCN occupies a position at the border between inorganic and organic chemistry. It is paradoxical that hydrogen cyanide is on the one hand an important starting material for prebiotic syntheses of biomolecules and on the other a deadly poison for living organisms. 

Cyanide has not been shown to accumulate in the blood and tissues following chronic oral exposure to inorganic cyanides. Following the treatment of groups of 10 male and 10 female rats with hydrogen cyanide in the diet at < 10.4 mg CN /kg/day for 2 years, virtually no cyanide was found in plasma or kidneys (Howard and Hanzal 1955). Low levels were found in erythrocytes (mean of 1.9 pg/100 g). 

Respiratory Effects. Respiratory effects commonly occur after inorganic cyanide poisoning by any route of exposure. Following inhalation, the first breath of a lethal concentration of hydrogen cyanide causes hyperpnea (Rieders 1971). The victims experience shortness of breath that may be rapidly (>1 minute) followed by apnea. Dyspnea was reported in patients who survived acute inhalation exposure to cyanide... 

Curry SC. 1992. Hydrogen Cyanide and Inorganic Cyanide Salts. Hazardous Materials Toxicology, Clinical Principles of 1992, 698-710. 

The chapter emphasizes the superior analytical power of ion chromatography so that it can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of common cations, anions and halides in their different forms and matrices in trace and ultra-trace concentrations. Heavy metals separation and detection was also mentioned as well as hydrogen cyanide as an example of inorganic... 

Fulminic acid C = NOH is a gaseous, highly toxic substance with an odour resembling that of hydrogen cyanide. It is isomeric with other acids cf the same empirical formula HCNO. The chief of these is cyanic acid HCNO, which is obtainable only in the form of its salts free cyanic acid is unstable. The action of inorganic acids on cyanates leads to the evolution of cyanic acid which hydrolyses to form carbon dioxide and ammonia ... 

A few oilier inorganic chemicals, more frequently identified as multipurpose pesticides than as insecticides, do have very strong insecticidal properties. These compounds are used sparingly, often requiring special permits in some places, and with the greatest of safety cautions observ ed. Such compounds would include calcium cyanide, carbon bisulfide, carbon tetrachloride, hydrogen cyanide, paraformaldehyde, and phosphine. 

Acetic acid, acetone, alcohol, aniline, chromic acid, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, nitratable substances, fats, grease Inorganic bases, amine, halogens, 13X molecular sieve Silver, mercury, urea... 

Chemical Oxidation (Chlorination) Used in Inorganic Chemical Industry (Hydrogen Cyanide Manufacturing Industry)... 

Data source Effluent Guidelines Point source Inorganic chemicals Subcategory Hydrogen cyanide... 

Derivation (a) By the esterification of lactic acid with ethanol (b) by combining acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide to form acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, which is converted into ethyl lactate by treatment with ethanol and an inorganic acid. 

Paris Green (copper arsenite), and other inorganic substances, used as insecticides and herbicides include lime sulphur, lead arsenate, hydrogen cyanide, copper sulphate and kerosene... 

This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of surface science involved in the application of activated carbon for air cleaning from inorganic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitric dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and from VOCs. The emphasis is placed on the role of activated carbons surfaces, either unmodified or modified in the processes of adsorption and catalytic oxidation-reduction of these pollutants. 

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