Inorganic chemical fibers

Inorganic chemical fibers are made from materials such as glass, metal, carbon, or ceramic. These fibers are often used to reinforce plastics to form composites. 

Inorganic chemicals may also be used. Beatonite may be used as a flocculant ia combination with polymer treatmeat. Alum, oace a common coagulant, is less used because its concentration can build up ia recycle water. Alum oftea biads ink to fibers and iacreases the difficulty of deinking. Removal of the very small flexographic ink particles ia process water is difficult. Ultrafiltratioa (qv) has beea proposed for removing these very small dispersed ink particles (53). 

Inorganic pigment Cornstarch Fiber staple Charcoal briquettes Gelatin Inorganic chemical... 

The entire spectrum of inorganic fibers can be divided into two classes, based on differences in the crystallinity of the solids (Ray, 1978). Synthetic fibers have been known as man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) and manmade vitreous fibers (MMVF). But fibrous materials can be approached or divided in other ways. For example, in the Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1985) the entry for chemical fibers includes both manmade and natural polymers, with the discussion centering on carbon-based compounds such as acetates, acrylics, and cellulose. Fibers of other inorganic compounds were not mentioned in the encyclopedia under this entry, but silica glass fibers were described under the heading Optical Fibers. ... 

Commodities are large-volume, low-price, homogeneous, and standardized chemicals produced in dedicated plants and used for a large variety of applications. Prices are cyclic and fully transparent. Petrochemicals, basic chemicals, heavy organic and inorganic chemicals (large-volume) monomers, commodity fibers, and plastics are all part of commodities. Typical examples of single products are ethylene, propylene, caprolactame, methanol, BTX (benzene, toluene, xylenes), phthalic anhydride, poly (vinyl chloride) soda, and sulfuric acid. 

Commodities 40% ( 720 million) Petrochemicals Plastics and synthetic rubber Synthetic fibers Fertilizers Other inorganic chemicals ... 

A firm is evaluating two competing projects. The first is a new ( grass roots ) inorganic chemicals plant, while the second is the expansion of a textile fibers facility. The process engineers have estimated the projected annual revenue, total capital investment, and total annual cost (without capital recovery) for each project, as follows ... 

Inorganic chemicals plant Textile fibers plant expansion... 

Select the more attractive project. Because the projected net present worth of the textile fibers plant expansion project is higher than that of the inorganic chemicals plant, the firm s funds would be better spent on it. 

Given the data for the inorganic chemicals plant and the textile fibers plant expansion in the problem statement for Example 18.5, use the internal rate of return method to determine which project the firm should fund. 

Select the more attractive project Based on these results, we conclude that the textile fibers plant expansion would be the preferred project, as its after-tax IRR (about 8.38%) is slightly higher than the after-tax IRR for the inorganic chemicals plant (about 8.36%). 

Determine the more attractive process. Based on the EUAR measure, the textile fibers plant expansion would be the clear choice to fund, because its EUAR of 1,006,386 is larger than the 916,050 EUAR of the inorganic chemicals plant. 

Kind of Material Inorganic Pigment Cornstarch Fiber Staple Charcoal Briquettes Gelatin Inorganic Chemical... 

In the petrochemical industry sulfuric acid is utilized, for example, in the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes, in the chemical industry in the manufacture inorganic chemicals (e.g. hydrofluoric acid, chromic acid, aluminum sulfate) and organic products (e.g. dyes, explosives, isocyanates, soaps, detergents, fibers and pharmaceuticals). Sulfuric acid is also utilized in the manufacture of titanium oxide pigments, uranium and copper extraction, in steel pickling and in batteries. 

Paints, varnishes, colors, and fillers Other chemicals and allied products Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial organic chemicals Vegetable and animal oils and fats Synthetic rubber Synthetic fibers... 

During any particular assignment, chemical professionals in industry usually deal with a limited number of products. It is necessary for them to become expert about those products. To study any product in depth they must answer the types of question posed in Section 0.2.2. This chapter serves two purposes it illustrates a detailed analysis of one chemical and presents some basic facts for several important organic and inorganic chemicals, plastics, and fibers. 

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