Man-made mineral fiber

International Symposium on Man-made Mineral Fibers ia the Working Environment," Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 28—29, 1986, Occup. Hjg. 31, 4B (1987). 

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the diluted mixture of pollutants caused by smoking of tobacco and emitted into the indoor air by a smoker. Constituents of ETS include submicron-size particles composed of a large number of chemicals, plus a large number of gaseous pollutants. Fibers in indoor air include those of asbestos, and man-made mineral fibers such as fiberglass, and glass wool. 

The entire spectrum of inorganic fibers can be divided into two classes, based on differences in the crystallinity of the solids (Ray, 1978). Synthetic fibers have been known as man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) and manmade vitreous fibers (MMVF). But fibrous materials can be approached or divided in other ways. For example, in the Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (1985) the entry for chemical fibers includes both manmade and natural polymers, with the discussion centering on carbon-based compounds such as acetates, acrylics, and cellulose. Fibers of other inorganic compounds were not mentioned in the encyclopedia under this entry, but silica glass fibers were described under the heading Optical Fibers. ... 

Bernstein, D. N., T. T. Drew, and M. Kuschner (1980). The translocation and fate of sized man-made mineral fibers following exposure by intratracheal instillation in rats, pp. 343-390. In Levin, A., ed. Proceedings of the National Workshop on Substitutes for Asbestos. EPA Doc. No. 560/3-80-001. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC. 

Hill, J. W. (1977). Health aspects of man made mineral fibers a review. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 20 161-173. 

Saracci, R. (1985). Man made mineral fibers and health. Scand. J. Work Environ. Health. 11 215-222. 

Fig. 2.21 A and B. After Hill, J. W. (1978). Man-made mineral fibers. /. Soc. Occup. Med. 28. Fig. 1, p. 135 Fig. 2, p. 135. With permission of Amer. Occupational Medicine Assoc., Baltimore, Md.

International Symposium on Man-Made Mineral Fibers in the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 28-29, 1986 Ann. Occup. Hyg. 31, 4B (19871. Mossman, B.T., et al. Asbestos Scientific Developments and Implications for Public Policy, Science, 294 (January 19, 1990)... 

Brooks SM. 1986. Pulmonary reactions to miscellaneous mineral dusts, man-made mineral fibers, and miscellaneous pneumoconioses. In Merchant JA, ed. Occupational respiratory diseases. Morgantown, WV US Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, 401-458. 

International Agency for Research on Cancer, Man-Made Mineral Fibers and Radon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France, Vol. 43, 1988. 

Morgan A. 1995. Deposition of inhaled asbestos and man-made mineral fibers in the respiratory tract. 

Steenland K, Stayner L. 1997. Silica, asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 8 491-503. 

Man-made mineral fibers Glass wool (fiberglass) mineral wool (slag, rock wool). Inhalation. Irritation of upper respiratory tract, skin. No ties to lung cancers, lung fibrosis. 

Goldsmith Man-made mineral fiber / Renal disease /... 

Man-made mineral fibers, asbestos, styrene, toluene, and mixed respirable dust... 

Lippmann, M., Man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) human exposures and health risk assessment. Toxicol Ind Health 1990, 6, 225-246. 

A survey of the Hterature [28, 55-62, 66, 67, 69-74] indicates that the most frequent exposure to silicon involves exposure to silica and siUcates mainly in their crystalline forms. Health risks associated with the exposure to other silicon containing compounds were reported in the mortality study of 16.661 man-made mineral fiber workers employed during 1945 to 1963 at one of 17 U.S. manufacturing plants [70]. Fiber exposure... 

Marsh et al. 1985 [70] 16661 man-made mineral fiber workers / Malignant neoplasms Respiratory cancer 108.3 112.1... 

SPILL CLEAN-UP Do not dry sweep man-made mineral fibers wet down with water spray to minimize the amount that becomes airborne only trained personnel should clean-up ensure proper ventilation and comply with environmental regulations. 

Several methods exist for the determination of respirable fibers. In the case of asbestos fibers, unspecific light microscopic techniques [6-110] as well as highly sensitive X-ray methods can be employed [6-111]. Differentiation from inert fibers, e.g., fibers of gypsum, is only possible with the latter method, although light microscopic analyses are more cost effective. All these procedures are suitable for the determination of total respirable fibers, especially for determining the concentration of man-made mineral fibers. 

Marsh, G.M. etol. (1990) Mortality among a Cohort of US Man-made Mineral Fibers 1985 follow-up./. Occup. Med., 32,594-604. Bofietta, P. et cd. (1992) Lung cancer mortality among workers in the European production of Man-made Mineral Fibers-A Poisson regression analysis. Scand.J. Work Environ. Health, 18, 279-286. 

Tarvainen K, Estlander T, Jolanki R, et al. (1994) Occupational dermatoses caused by man-made mineral fibers. Am J Contact Dermat 5 22-29... 

Tarvainen K, Jolanki R, Forsman-Gronholm L, Estlander T, Pfaffli P, Juntunen J, Kanerva L (1993b) Exposure, skin protection and occupational skin diseases in the glass-fibre reinforced plastics industry. Contact Dermatitis 29 119-127 Tarvainen K, Estlander T, Jolanki R, Kanerva L (1994) Occupational dermatoses caused by man-made mineral fibers. Am J Contact Dermat 5 22-29... 

Mineralogy Man-made mineral fibers (MMVF, also called synthetic vitreous fibers) are amorphous sili-... 

McDonald JC, Case BW, Enterline PE, Henderson V, McDonald AC, Plourde M, Sebastien P (1990) Lung dust analysis in the assessment of past exposure of man-made mineral fiber workers. Ann Occup Hyg 34 427-441 McDonald JC, Sebastien P, Case B, McDonald AD, Dufresne A (1992) Ferruginous body counts in sputum as an index of past exposure to mineral fibers. Ann Occup Hyg 36 271-282... 

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