Inorganic carbon particles

The mbber compound usually requires an inert inorganic filler and small particle sise carbon particle for reinforcement. The mbber polymers vary in inherent tensile strength from very high in the case of natural mbber to almost nonexistent for some synthetic polymers, eg, SBR. The fillers most commonly used for mbber compounds include carbon black, clay, calcium carbonate, siUca, talc (qv), and several other inorganic fillers. 

In oxygenated seawater, uranium is thermodynamically predicted to be present in a hexavalent (-b 6) oxidation state, but it can also exist as the tetravalent U(IV) if conditions are sufficiently reducing. Reduced uranium in the +A oxidation state is highly insoluble or particle reactive. In contrast, U(VI) is readily soluble due to the rapid formation of stable inorganic carbonate complexes. According... 

Mixed matrix membranes have been prepared from ABS and activated carbons. The membranes are intended for gas separation. A random agglomeration of the carbon particles was observed. A close interfacial contact between the polymeric and filler phases was observed. This morphology between inorganic and organic phases is believed to arise from the partial compatibility of the styrene/butadi-ene chains of the ABS copolymer and the activated carbon structure. A good permeability and selectivity for mixtures of carbon dioxide and methane has been reported (91,92). 

Biogenic silicon (BSI) was determined, with minor modifications, by the method of DeMaster (17). As adapted, the technique involved time-course leaching of <20-mg samples of particulate matter in 30 mL of 1.0% Na2C03 in a water bath at 85 °C. Silica in leachates was quantified either colorimetrically (Technicon autoanalyzer procedure) or by nitrous oxide flame atomic absorption. A high-temperature catalytic-combustion technique (Perkin Elmer 240C) was used for particulate organic carbon determinations. Particulate inorganic (carbonate) carbon was measured on the same instrument by CO 2 evolution after treatment of the particles with phosphoric acid. 

Carbonaceous materials (predominantly found in the fine size mode) and sometimes the dominant fraction of the total fine particle mass (Andrews et al., 2000 Putaud et al., 2004) have been usually classified as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and inorganic carbon (IC). The latter fraction typically consists of mineral carbonates derived almost exclusively from soil dust (Seinfeld and Pankow, 2003). Since mineral carbonates are commonly discarded from chemical aerosol mass closures, data on total carbon (TC) content of air particulate matter at sites representing different pollution levels refers only to the sum of OC and EC... 

Particulate inorganic carbon PIC Suspended particle material... 

Current polymeric materials are inadequate to fully meet all requirements for the various different types of membranes (cf. Section 2.2) or to exploit the new opportunities for application of membranes. Mixed-matrix membranes, comprising inorganic materials (e.g., metal oxide, zeolite, metal or carbon particles) embedded in an organic polymer matrix, have been developed to improve the performance by synergistic combinations of the properties of both components. Such improvement is either with respect to separation performance (higher selectivity or permeability) or with respect to membrane stability (mechanical, thermal or chemical). 

To this purpose, isotopic data presented in this paper were obtained from several selected Gorleben groundwaters as part of the colloid characterisation programme. The contents of major and minor ions, light isotopes ( H, H, and and the U/Th isotopes were measured. Radiocarbon and were measured in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIG), ion the humic acid (HA-colloids) and fulvic acid (FA-solution) fractions of dissolved organic caibon (DOC). The and were also determined in dissolved sulphate phase. The U/Th isotope measurements were carried out on total and surface solid phases, colloid fraction (1-1000 nm particle size, HA) and solution (<1.5 nm, FA). 

The many words employed to describe particulate systems attest to their ubiquity and to ilie impression they have made on humans from early times. Smoke, dust, haze, fume, mist, and soot are all terms in common use with somewhat different popular meanings. Thus dust usually refers to solid particles produced by disintegration processes, while smoke i nd fume particles are generally smaller and formed from the gas phase. Af/.vr.v are composed of liquid droplets. Soot usually refers to small carbon particles generated in fuel combu.stton but is now frequently used to describe very fine solid particles of silica and other inorganic oxides generated intentionally in industrial processes. In this text, however, we will rarely employ these special terms because of the difficulty of exact definition and the complexity of many real systems composed of mixtures of particles. Instead, we employ the generic term aeiosol to describe all such sy.siems of small particles suspended in air or another gas. 

Trull, T.W. and Armand, L. (2001) Insights into Southern Ocean carbon export from die S13C of particles and dissolved inorganic carbon during die SOIREE iron release experiment. Deep-Sea... 

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