Innovative applications

Projects in the CCT program demonstrated innovative applications for both wet and dry or seniidry FGD systems. The wet FGD systems, which use limestone as an absorber, have met or exceeded the 90 percent SO, removal efficiency required to meet air quality standards when burning high-sulfur coal. The di"y or semidry systems use lime and recycled fly ash as a sorbent to achieve the required removal. 

Prediction of the useful life, or the remaining life, of coatings from physical or analytical measurements presents many problems in data analysis and interpretation. Two important considerations are that data must be taken over a long period of time, and the scatter from typical paint tests is large. These considerations require innovative application of statistical techniques to provide adequate prediction of the response variables of interest. 

Finally, Chapters 14 16 deal with innovative applications in this field such as mass spectrometric compound-specific isotopic analysis, secondary ion mass spectrometry... 

Catalysis - Innovative Applications in Petrochemistry and Refining, Dresden, 2011, pp. 211-216. 

Apart from the promising electrochemical properties that will be exhaustively discussed through this chapter, carbon nanotubes have become a hot research topic due to their outstanding electronic, mechanical, thermal, optical and chemical properties and their biocompatibility. Near- and long-term innovative applications can be foreseen including nanoelectronic and nanoelectromechanical devices, held emitters, probes, sensors and actuators as well as novel materials for mechanical reinforcement, fuel cells, batteries, energy storage, (bio)chemical separation, purification and catalysis [20]. 

Types of innovation were used (substance innovation, product innovation, application iimovation) and in some instances criteria for determining the level of irmovation (chemical/technical and organisational/institutional, systemic) as a type feature for iimovation systems. 

Packed-bed electrodes need not be cylindrical. Takata and Muto reported on a rectangular design some years ago in which a bed of carbon fibers was used for the electrode material [15]. While a number of innovative applications were reported, for the reasons described earlier, cells of this type do not provide detection limits competitive with those that can be achieved using more conventional amperometric detectors. 

Growth after the 1970s was thus driven by the development of new applications not only in metallurgy, but also in new markets, such as food or healthcare. The primary drivers of innovative applications were productivity, quality, and environmental improvements. The big players benefited the most - besides economies of scale in production and distribution, they had the backing of scale in applications know-how. 

Boyetchko, S.M. Innovative applications of microbial agents for biological weed control. In Biotechnological Approaches in Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens. Mukerji, K.G, Chamola, B.G, Upadhyay, R.K., eds., Plenum Press London, 1999 pp. 73-97. 

The largest section is constituted by membranes in molecular separation, which is the most traditional application of membranes. Significant advances of membrane science and technologies are expected in transformation processes and membrane contactors for conventional and innovative applications. 

Invention does not stop at the factory gate or with delivery of product Novel uses and innovative applications are also patentable. 

Xeptagen S.p.A. has improved a computer assisted combinatorial chemistry approach, based on an innovative application of Mitsunobu reaction, that could be used to design and synthesize new peptido-mimetic libraries, in order to find novel leads efficient in different biological targets (Figure 3.10). 

R. F. Speyer, Innovative Applications of Computerization in Thermoanalytical Instrumentation , Ceramic Bulletin, 69 (1) 85-90 (1990). 

Considering the case of crystalline complex salts and the amorphous precursor method, both chemical com-plexation methods have found important and innovative applications in recent years for the preparation of a wide variety of catalysts and of various perovskite-type catalysts and barium hexaaluminates, as required for high-temperature (>1500K) applications such as catalytic combustion. It is therefore worthwhile describing some applications, in the next two subsections. 

Evidence that substances can act as psychomanipulants has been presented here, but further research in the area is necessary. To definitively test this hypothesis it is essential to obtain quantitative estimates of the individual psychomanipulative substances occurring in plants, to demonstrate that they necessarily and sufficiently account for the change in behavior, and finally to show that psychomanipulation is the result of an action of these substances within the insect CNS. The first two criteria can be met using currently available methods. Locating the site of action within the CNS is more difficult and will require innovative application of combined behavioral, neurophysiological and neuropharmacological techniques. 

Abstract Nucleic acids were one of the first biological targets explored with DCC, and research into the application has continued to yield novel and useful structures for sequence- and structure-selective recognition of oligonucleotides. This chapter reviews major developments in DNA- and RNA-targeted DCC, including methods under development for the conversion of DCC-derived lead compounds into probe molecules suitable for studies in vitro and in vivo. Innovative applications of DCC for the discovery of new materials based on nucleic acids and new methods for the modification of nucleic acid structure and function are also discussed. 

Zheng, L. and Sun, D.-W. 2006. Innovative applications of power ultrasound during food freezing processes—A review. Trends in Food Science Technology, 17 16-23. 

The introduction and development of advanced composite material opened the door to new and innovative application in civil and structural engineering. Key points of this investigation are to evaluate the application of geofiber in gass-eoncrete composites and ... 

However, Plunkett s first reaction, and that of his technician, was one of frustration, because it would mean that they would have to start their experiment all over again. They didn t quite realize what they had But Plunkett was aware that the TFE had somehow polymerized. With 20/20 hindsight, given that Plunkett worked for a company that was at the forefront of polymer synthesis, he should have perhaps predicted that the polymerization of TFE was possible, if not likely. Frankly, Plunkett and Rebok were bloody lucky that they were not blown to bits Within a few weeks of laboratory testing, PTFE was found to be inert to all the solvents, acids and bases available. It was then quickly established by DuPont s polymer chemists that TFE could be free radically polymerized in water. Plunkett s discovery is legendary and for the 50th anniversary of the discovery of Teflon , DuPont established the Plunkett Award in his honor, for innovative applications of this unique material. 

L. Gardossi, P. Linda, An innovative application of the flexible GRID/PCA computational method Study of differences in selectivity between PGAs from Escherichia coli and a Providentia rettgeri mutant, Biotechnol. Prog. 2004, 20,1025-1031. 

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