Inlet separator systems

A typical amine system is shown in Figure 7-4. The sour gas enters the system through an inlet separator to remove any entrained water or hydrocarbon liquids. Then the gas enters the bottom of the amine absorber and flows counter-current to the amine solution. The absorber can be either a trayed or packed tower. Conventional packing is usually used for 20-in. or smaller diameter towers, and trays or structured packing for larger towers. An optional outlet separator may be included to recover entrained amines from the sweet gas. 

In the drying cycle, the wet inlet gas first passes through an inlet separator where free liquids, entrained mist, and solid particles are removed. This is a very important part of the system because free liquids can damage or destroy the desiccant bed and solids may plug it. If the adsorption... 

The intermediate storage between the reaction and separation system can also help dampen out variations in composition, temperature and flowrate between the two sections (for gases and non-viscous liquids, but not solids). Variations in the outlet properties from the storage are reduced compared with variations in the inlet properties. 

The first step is to use a separate cooling and separation system on the vapor streams from each stage and the recompression gases, as in Figure 4. This reduces recycle loads, because the recompressed vapors are not subjected to the absorber effect of the crude oil streams at each stage. It still is not possible to control the temperature D, but the temperature 1 can be controlled, as well as the pressure D and 1, and the crude oil product is a combination of the liquid streams from separations D and 1. If the inlet wells , re am is hot, which Is frequently expected with the high well flow rates sometimes obtained in the North Sea, this system may be much more selective because different temperature levels can be maintained in 1-4 as compared to A-D. It usually is poesible to establish a pressure level for D and 1 which will allow control of the oil vapor pressure. Recycle loads nwy still be a problem with this process, but not as much as in the previous one. 

The derivation of a superstructure for a reactor-separator-recycle system is based on combining the individual representations of the reactor network and the separation network. The new additional element is the allocation of the potential recycle streams from the separation system to the inlets of the reactors in the reactor system. 

Recently, Alexander et al. [44] reported the use of an automated separation system developed for micro-LC and CEC using both isocratic and gradient elutions. The complete system is shown in Fig. 2.15. An enlarged view of the coupling of the column to the injection valve presents Fig. 2.16. The mobile phase was delivered by two micro-LC pumps at a flow rate of 30 pL/min to a post injection splitter that houses the column inlet. In the CEC mode, pressure was not applied (no restriction on... 

Leaky lagoon systems with many inlets separated by small barrier islands. 

Case 1 is desirable from the standpoint that it eliminates interactions from the rest of the plant. In other words, it is transparent to the reactor whether it is an isolated unit or part of a process with recycles. The economic objectives of the process are satisfied through partial control by adjusting the setpoints of the feedback loops. We can argue that the vinyl acetate reactor discussed in Chap. 11 falls in this category. The dominant variables are reactor exit temperature and oxygen inlet concentration. Both of these variables are controlled at the unit, making the reactor resilient against disturbances from the separation system. 

The frit-inlet injection device was originally apphed to the conventional symmetrical channel in order to bypass the stop-flow procedure [6]. However, the lowest axial flow rate that can be manipulated in a frit-inlet symmetrical system is hmited, because the total axial flow rate becomes the sum of the injection flow rate and frit flow rate, and the incoming cross-flow penetrates through the bottom wall at the same rate. The relatively high axial flow rate in a symmetrical system needs a very high cross-flow rate in order to separate relatively low-retaining materials, such as proteins or low-molecular-weight components. 

Several incidents of column problems initiated in an upstream unit have been reported. In one incident (98), solids suddenly appeared in the feed and plugged a column when the feed tank was emptied. This occurred because settled solids from the bottom of the tank were stirred up and entered the feed pipe. In another incident (391), oil from an overflowing inlet separator entered an absorber system it took two days to clean this oil out. 

The VariCol approach, as introduced by Ludemann-Hombourger, Bailly, and Nicoud (2000), increases the flexibility of the continuous separation system by an asynchronous movement of the injection and withdrawal ports. Within a complete process cycle, this leads to mean numbers of columns per section that are typically non-integer. As the minimum number of columns per section in an SMB system is 1, it is possible in VariCol systems to reduce the mean number to virtually any value less than 1. Owing to the asynchronous shift of the inlet and outlet lines in a VariCol process it may even happen that, during a certain interval, there are no columns in a section. In this case the inlet and outlet lines of this section coincide in one valve block. By placing the outlet lines upstream from the inlet lines a pollution of the product lines is avoided. 

Membrane systems can also be integrated into traditional units. The design of a hybrid membrane separation system is determined by several considerations, such as membrane permeance and selectivity, CO2 concentration of the inlet gas and the target required, the gas value (per ca. 30 N m, the price of gas in 2007 was 6- 7 in the United States, whereas in Nigeria, which is far from being well-developed gas market, it may be as low as 0.50 if the gas can be used at all), and the location of the plant (on an offshore platform, the weight, footprint, and simplicity of operation are critical onshore, the total cost is more significant). ... 

Separation system—designed to separate two liquids from each other by density differences t3npically, a solvent is introduced that will dissolve one of the components in the mixture, enhancing the separation process. A separator has a shell, weir, vapor cavity, feed inlet, extract port and pump, and raffinate port and pump. 

After impingement in the middle zone of the dryer, the airstream carrying dry, powdery material is directed to the separation system. Due to intensive evaporation in the impingement zone the inlet air temperature of about 150 C falls rapidly to about 70 C, which allows drying of thermosensitive materials like antibiotics or microorganisms. At this inlet air temperature... 

For the following separation system, we know the inlet mass flow rate (in kg/h) and the mass fractions of each species in the inlet (stream 1) and each outlet (streams 2, 4, and 5). Calculate the unknown mass flow rates of each outlet stream. 

In the process design of a chemical plant, it is required to calculate the unknown mass flow rates of each outlet stream for the given separation system. The inlet... 

An efficient inlet separator is an essential component in a glycol dehydration system. The primary function of the separator is to remove liquid water from the feed gas stream howev-... 

Gas turbine exhaust stacks should be located to avoid recirculation of hot exhaust gases to the turbine inlet air system. A minimum of 6 meters of vertical separation between air intake and exhaust outlet is often recommended. 

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