Ink-jet printer

The earliest significant technical work on piezoelecttic ink jet began in the 1930s and the first tme commercial activity was begun in the late 1960s. This early development effort, aimed at office printing appHcations, had limited commercial success. The first successful piezoelecttic ink-jet printer was introduced in 1977. It printed a relatively cmde character set using an array of 12 jets in its printhead. 

Inks for continuous ink-jet printers typically comprise dyes dissolved in water or solvent having salts added to make the ink conductive for electrostatic charging. Whenever waterproof printing is required, low boiling solvent inks ate used. For printers that ate used in office environments, water is used as the ink solvent. Using water-based inks, humectants may be added to inhibit drying of ink in the sump and surfactants ate added to wet the printing surface. 

Piezoelecttic impulse ink-jet printers ate especially sensitive to bubbles in the ink. A bubble in the firing chamber absorbs some of the comptessional force from the flexing of the chamber wall and reduces drop volume and drop velocity, thereby affecting print quaHty. Because of the limited range of motion of the crystal, bubbles ate not readily ejected, and the loss of print quaHty owing to their presence is persistent. 

Sulfonic acid-based azo dyes (qv) and intermediates are characterized by the presence of one or more azo, R—N=N—R, groups. An example of a water-soluble polysulfonic acid-based azo dye (3), where M is a metal, typically Na, for use in ink-jet printers, is shown (75). 

Other, more recently developed, uses include microwave oven parts, transparent pipelines, chemical plant pumps and coffee machine hot water dispensers. One exceptional use has been to produce, by an extrusion moulding process, very large rollers for textile finishing for use where cast nylons cannot meet the specification. Also of growing interest are medical equipment applications that may be repeatedly steam-sterilised at 134°C, filtration membranes and cartridges for ink-jet printers. 

Full color printing is essentially the same as for black and white but requires four steps, one each for the yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toners needed for full color reproduction.35,36 Consequently, color laser printers and color copiers are significantly more expensive than both monochrome laser printers and especially ink jet printers. Obviously, they are also slower than monochrome laser printers. 

Another approach is using a modified commercial ink-jet printer to dispense biological reagents. Over a decade ago, we took an HP DeskJet printer, emptied the ink from the print cartridge, and replaced it with a DNA... 

An altemahve approach is the "mass-sensing" multianalyte microarray immunoassay first described by researchers at Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA (Silzel et al., 1998). As early as 1991, other groups at Beckman Coulter had adapted commercially available ink-jet printers (e.g., the Hewlett Packard Deskjet) for deposihng oligonucleohdes or proteins such as streptavidin onto substrates to create arrays (Matson, xmpublished data). Piezoelectric... 

When choosing resume paper, make sure you see and feel a sample of the paper stock prior to purchasing a sealed package of that paper. Finally, when printing your resumes and cover letters on a laser or high-quality ink-jet printer, make sure the paper you choose was designed for this equipment. 

Brilliant insoluble lakes are used in paints and varnishes. Recent applications for xanthene dyes include use in ink-jet printers, as markers in biological and medical research, and even as insecticides. 

Bottom coder. A single print head, ink-jet printer for noncontact printing (marking, coding, and overprinting) on the bottom of filled containers. 

Generally, ink jet printers can be divided into two basic types, which can be subdivided further as shown in Figure 5.1 [4],... 

Black Dyes. Water-soluble black ink jet dyes are selected from disazo, polyazo, metal complex, and sulfur dyes [7], For ink-jet systems using the piezo technology, C.I. Direct Black 19, 35255 [6428-31-5] and DirectBlack 154,303865 [54804-85-2 are used. Food Black 2, 27755 [.2118-39-0] was selected for thermal ink-jet printers due to its thermal stability, but this dye exhibits a poor waterfastness. Replacing the sulfo groups by carboxyl groups gave C.I. DirectBlack 195 (1), which has been introduced in commercial printers and shows much improved waterfastness due to pH-dependant differential solubility [3],... 

In conductive inks for continuous ink-jet printers salts such as lithium acetate and potassium cyanate are added to adjust the specific conductivity. 

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