Injectable scaffolds

Firth, A., Aggeli, A., Burke, J.L., Yang, X.B., and Kirkham, J. "Biomimetic self-assembling peptides as injectable scaffolds for hard tissue engineering". Nanomedicine 1(2), 189-199... 

Firth A, Aggeli A, Burke JL, Yang X, Krrkham J. Biomimetic self-assembling peptides as injectable scaffolds for hard tissue engineering. Nanomedicine (Land) 2006 1(2) 189-199. 

Future applications of injectable biomaterials the use of microgels as modular injectable scaffolds... 

Two pentaerythritol-hased prepolymers (polymer A and B) and 3-TCP Two-component injectable scaffolds Bonzani et al. (2007)... 

Nelson CE, et al. Sustained local delivery of siRNA from an injectable scaffold. Biomaterials... 

Radhakrishnan, J., Maheswari Krishnan, U., Sethuraman, S., 2014. Hydrogel based injectable scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration. Biotechnol. Adv. 32, 449—461. 

Rahman CV, et al. Chemistry of polymer and ceramic-based injectable scaffolds and their appbcations in regenerative medicine. Chem Mater 2012 24 781-95. 

Biodegradable fumarate-based polyHIPEs synthesised from propylene fumarate dimethaciylate have been investigated as injectable scaffolds for the repair of critical sized bone defects. Culture of NIH/3T3 fibroblasts on such polyHIPEs yielded 95% viability after 24 h. Switching from a thermally initiated curing system to redox initiation resulted in a reduction of the polymerisation time. HIPEs with either a reductant or an oxidant could be... 

Recently, several microspheres have received much attention in the biomedical area of bone tissue engineering and regeneration because of their xmique properties for tissue regeneration as injectable scaffolds [114]. A novel PLCA-pMS was developed by Tao et al. by incorporating bovine serum albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan microspheres (CS-MS) in Cly-Arg-Cly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys (CRCDSPC) modified PLCA-pMS... 

K. Nagahama, T. Ouchi, Y. Ohya, Temperature-induced hydrogels through self-assembly of cholesterol-substituted star PEG-b-PLLA copolymers An injectable scaffold for tissue engineering. Advanced Functional Materials, 18,1220-31,2008. 

Within their designed areas of application, however, the versatility of enzyme-responsive polymers is unmatched by any other stimuli-responsive materials. Enzyme-responsive polymers have found applications as cell supports, injectable scaffolds and drug delivery systems and have been integrated with other stimuli-responsive polymers to obtain materials with closely tailored stimuli-responsive characteristics. While research in the development of enzyme-responsive materials (ERMs) is still in its early... 

Polymer hydrogels consist of a cross-finked network of hydrophilic polymers with a very large water content (up to 99%) (Wichterle and Lim, 1960).They are structurally similar to the ECM and have therefore frequently been used as ECM mimics (Fedorovich et al., 2007 Shoichet, 2010). Other biological applications include the use as injectable scaffolds, (temporary) cell culture supports and drug delivery matrices (Mano, 2008). For all these applications, the introduction of enzyme-responsive functionalities into the polymer hydrogel is attractive because it would either more closely mimic the ECM (which is itself enzyme responsive) or allow drug delivery in response to the presence of a specific enzyme. 

By nature, ERMs are inherently suitable for applications in the healthcare section. Despite being a young class of materials, some exciting applications have begun to emerge. Here, three applications for enzyme-responsive polymers are highlighted cell supports, injectable scaffolds and drug delivery devices. 

Comolli, N, Neuhuber, B, Fischer, I, and Lowman, A. 2009. in vitro analysis of PNIPAAm-PEG, a novel, injectable scaffold for spinal cord repair. Acta Biomater 5(4) 1046-1055. 

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