Biomaterial injectable

D.M. Nelson, Z. Ma, K.L. Fujimoto, R. Hashizume, W.R. Wagner, Intra-myocardial biomaterial injection therapy in the treatment of heart failure materials, outcomes and challenges, Acta Biomater. 7 (2011) 1—15, http //dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.06.039. 

Fu J, Fiegel J, Krauland E, and Hanes J. New polymeric carriers for controlled drug delivery following inhalation or injection [J]. Biomaterials, 2002, 23, 4425 1433. 

Burdick JA, Anseth KS (2002) Photoencapsulation of osteoblasts in injectable RGD-modified PEG hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 23 4315-4323... 

Chun C, Lim HJ, Hong KY et al (2009) The use of injectable, thermosensitive poly (organophosphazene)-RGD conjugates for the enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 30 6295-6308... 

Biomineralization of Hydrogels Based on Bioinspired Assemblies for Injectable Biomaterials... 

Chenite A, Chaput C, Wang D et al (2000) Novel injectable neutral solutions of chitosan form biodegradable gels in situ. Biomaterials 21 2155-2161... 

Boyd LM, Carter AJ (2006) Injectable biomaterials and vertebral endplate treatment for repair and regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Eur Spine J 15(Suppl 3) S414-S421... 

Halloran DO et al (2008) An injectable cross-linked scaffold for nucleus pulposus regeneration. Biomaterials 29(4) 438 147... 

The first ever injectable crude biomaterial, that is a dental implant, appeared early in ad 6oo (Fig. 12.1). During those times, Mayan people trimmed seashells into artificial teeth to replace missing teeth (Michael, 2006 Ratner et al., 2004). Early biomaterials also led to problems, including sterilization, toxicity, inflammation, and immunological issues. Since the Mayan s initial use of artificial teeth, biomaterials have evolved to be used in modem artificial hearts, hip and knee pros-theses, artificial kidneys, and breast implants. Materials used in these applications include titanium, silicons, polyurethanes, teflon, polybiodegradable polymers, and most recently bio-nanomaterials (Pearce et al., 2007)... 

Gomes, M. E., Ribeiro, A. S., Malafaya, R. B., Reis, R. L., Cunha, A. M. (2001). A new approach based on injection moulding to produce biodegradable starch based polymeric scaffolds Morphology, mechanical, and degradation behaviour. Biomaterials., 22, 883-889. 

Szpunar, J., Ceulemans, M., Schmitt, VO., Adams, F.C. and Lobinski, R. (1996) Microwave-accelerated speciation analysis for butyltin compounds in sediments and biomaterials by large volume injection capillary gas chromatography quartz furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 332, 225-232. 

In clinical tests the dahllite-based material was injected as an implant for internal stabilization of a wrist fracture. The ingredients were mixed to form a slurry that was injected in the patient s body. The paste set within minutes under physiological conditions. The material was allowed to harden in situ before a cast was applied. The healing process was more rapid compared to conventional techniques. The new biomaterial resisted compressive forces from the musculature and the wrist healed faster than indicated by historical controls. 

Purified solubilized bovine collagen is used as biomaterial for the treatment of soft tissue defects and has been used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence since the late 1980s (1). Injected material precipitates at body temperature, forming a matrix allowing fibroblastic infiltration and formation of new tissue. It has been used for cosmetic purposes by injection in the dermis to correct scars and other contour deformities of the skin. 

Merodio M, Irache JM, Valamanesh F, Mirshahi M. Ocular disposition and tolerance of ganciclovir-loaded albumin nanoparticles after intravitreal injection in rats. Biomaterials 2002 23 1587-1594. 

Biomaterials should be cast readily or molded in films, rods, tubings, or more complex geometrical shapes. Injection and rotational molding, reaction injection molding, and casting are desirable polymer processing techniques. 

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