Inhibition efficiency, definition

As the p-Cl-BHA was the most effective, it was subjected to a thorough study. The results show that the p-Cl-BHA definitely reduced the copper dissolution rate in 0.5 M NaCl solution (Fig. 9-15). The mass of the electrode increased due to the adsorption of the inhibitor and formation of an inhibitor-corrosion-products complex on the electrode surface. This protective film accounts for the inhibition efficiency of p-Cl-BHA against localized attack on the copper electrode in NaCl (Shaban et al., 1998 a, b). 

It should be noted that due to the different mode of definition, S and have different values in most cases. S and S are only equal when there is direct proportionality between the degree of surface coverage and the inhibition efficiency. There is good agreement between S and 5 in the case of inhibitor blends of classical adsorption type inhibitors (2D inhibitors) in acidic systems, where the degree of total surface coverage of inhibitors does not reach the value of 0=1. 

Saponins appear to lower plasma LDL cholesterol concentration by interfering with cholesterol absorption. Studies in rats and monkeys fed naturally occurring saponins exhibited significant reductions in cholesterol absorption efficiency and an increase in fecal cholesterol excretion (Malinow et al., 1981 Nakamura et al., 1999 Sidhu et al., 1987). Decreased bile acid absorption and increased excretion has also been reported in animals fed saponins (Malinow et al., 1981 Nakamura et al., 1999 Stark and Madar, 1993). One possible mechanism of action for decreased cholesterol absorption is the ability of saponins to form insoluble complexes with cholesterol (Gestetner et al., 1972 Malinow et al., 1977). In an effort to isolate the specific properties of saponins, Malinow (1985) prepared a variety of synthetic saponins in which the complex carbohydrate moieties of native plant saponins were replaced with simplified carbohydrates such as glucose or cellobiose. One of these synthetic saponins, tiqueside (Pfizer, Inc.), can effectively precipitate cholesterol from micelle solutions in vitro and inhibit cholesterol absorption in a variety of animals (Harwood et al., 1993) and in humans (Harris et al., 1997). But despite ample data showing the formation of a saponin/cholesterol complex in vitro, there is essentially no definitive evidence that complexation occurs in the intestinal lumen (Morehouse et al., 1999). 

Internal positive controls (IPCs) can also be used to identify the presence of PCR inhibitors. IPCs are definitively useful for detecting false-negative results however, they cannot be used to determine a precise measure of inhibition strength when template samples are marginally compromised. Comparing the amplification efficiencies of clean standards with those of unknown samples is a statistically sound method that can be used in conjunction with IPCs when amplifications are successful but are compromised, producing erroneous quantification results. 

DAG 652 and 178, but also their ribofuranosides were capable of inhibiting nucleic add synthesis. iV- -D-ribofuranosides and other glycosides of unsubstituted IbPs and IcPs, as well as their halo and nitro derivatives act similarly but less efficiently. For example, 3- -D-ribofuranosyl-IbP inhibits the reproduction of Ranikhet disease virus and shows to some extent an anticancer activity. However, the aglycone of IbP also shows definite activity towards E. coli phage. But 3- -D-ribofuranosyl-IcP does not possess any activity (63IJC30). 6-Bromo-IbP, its 2-methyl derivative, as well as... 

As efficiency of inhibitor it is implied its capability of providing the most prolonged and deep deceleration of a chain reaction. In the hteratuie proper attention is paid to this issue [1-16], and different quantitative characteristics are provided, which delrne the efficiency of chain reaction inhibitors. It seems to us as positive in these approaches that a solution of the inhibitor efficiency problem is turned into the kinetic analysis of the model for inhibited reaction. Nevertheless, in most cases, the sorting out of the quantitative characteristics for inhibitor efficiency is based on occurring a definite set of reactions in the inhibited process and carmot be considered as a versatile one. In other words, their apphcation is restricted by the degree of complexity of the used kinetic model. 

In processed foods, benzoic and its salts are used up to a level of 0.1%. The effectiveness of these preservatives increases with decreasing pH. The composition of the food therefore has an effect on their efficiency and suitability for use. This is because the ratio of undissociated (i.e., free) benzoic acid to ionized benzoic acid increases as the pH decreases. It is generally accepted that the undissociated benzoic acid is the active antimicrobial agent. Although no definitive theory has been yet proposed to explain this antimicrobial effects, it is believed to be related to the high lipid solubility of the undissociated benzoic acid, which allows it to accumulate on the cell membranes or on various structures and surfaces of the bacterial cell, effectively inhibiting its cellular activity. 

Another important result from the photophysical studies on conjugated polymer/fullerene composites is the complete absence of any photoinduced interaction between fullerenes and either polyacetylene (PA) [54] or the polydiacetylenes (PDAs) [62], respectively. The results of absorption and emission spectroscopy, subpicosecond and millisecond photoinduced absorption spetroscopy, and picosecond transient and near steady state photoconductivity show that in contrast to the high quantum efficiency photoinduced electron transfer definitively established in the PPV and the P3AT composites with Cgo, photoinduced electron transfer from PA and PDAs onto Ceo is inhibited [62]. 

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