Infrared spectroscopy: attenuated total

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Attenuated total redectance (atr) ftir spectroscopy is based on the principle of total internal redection (40). Methods based on internal redection in the uv and visible regions of the spectmm are also common in addition to those in the ir region. The implementation of internal redection in the ir region of the spectmm provides a means of obtaining ir spectra of surfaces or interfaces, thus providing moleculady-specific vibrational information. 

FTIR-ATR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection method... 

Increasing lA concentration in copol5mierization results in lower viscosities (Fig. 1.14). lA content of copol5miers was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The absoption bands at 1628 and 1730 cm due to C=0 stretching vibrations in carboxylic acid showed an increase... 

Infrared spectroscopy, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, is one of the oldest and most widely used analytical techniques in adhesion-related research. Transmission infrared spectroscopy has been used to identify compounds used in formulating adhesives and to follow curing reactions. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) (see Infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection) has been used to probe the surface composition of polymers that have been surface modified by an etching process or by deposition of a film. More recently, reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (see Infrared spectroscopy RAIR) has been used to characterize thin films on the surfaces of reflecting substrates. 

Other methods of surface characterization are discussed in Infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection. Infrared spectroscopy RAIR, Surface characterization by contact angies - metais. Surface characterization by contact angles - polymers. Critical surface tension, and Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). 

Infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection F J BOERIO ATR of surface region... 

The chemical structure of the membrane can be analyzed with spectroscopic methods, of which the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) method is the most utilized. However, Raman spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy complement each other, and, thus, if both methods arc used, the information obtained on the membrane chemical structure is quite comprehensive. If only information from the membrane skin layer is needed, the most surface-sensitive methods—X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and lime-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS)— have to be used. 

Crawford B Jr, Goplen TG, Swanson D (1978) The Measurement of Optical Constants in the Infrared by Attenuated Total Reflection. In Clark RJH, Hester RE, Advances in Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, vol 4, Heyden London, p 47 Creighton JA (1980) Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 15, Springer. Berlin, p 145 Creighton JA (1986) Surf Sci 173 665... 

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy)—IR spectroscopy uses the absorption of infrared radiation to probe the vibrational frequency of molecular motions. Attenuated total reflectance method uses a crystal of high refractive index to channel the infrared light (using total internal reflectance) into the crystal and causes only a thin layer of a sample in contact with the exterior of the crystal to be sensitively detected. 

ATR-IR spectroscopy Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy Bn Benzyl... 

Spectroscopic methods are mainly useful to identify the elements, functional groups, and chemical structures close to the biomaterial surface. Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry have been used widely in determining the elemental composition and charged species at biomaterial surface. Other important characteristics obtained from the biomaterial surface are surface energy and relative wettability using thermodynamic method such as contact angle experiments. 

Products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and broadband dielectric/impedance spectroscopy (BDS). New absorption bands were observed corresponding to the conjugated pol5mieric units by FTIR-ATR and UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of concentration of PEDOT-PSS and PEDOT on the composite electrospun nanofibers was studied by EIS. Morphologies of electrospun nanofibers were also investigated by SEM. 

The chemical polymerization of Py by CAN in PU solutions leads to the formation of PU/PPy composites. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR], dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA], thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA], differential scanning calorimetry (DSC], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS], and SEM measurements. The absorbances of the disordered H-bonded urethane carbonyl decrease with increasing Py concentration. The fraction of the hydrogen-bonded carbonyls is increased and the melting point increases with the increase of PPy content. These indicate the incorporation of PPy into PU may cause the complex due to the intermolecular interaction between the PPy and PU. SEM images of composite nanofibers show good distribution of the second component and the composite solution is proper to form conductive composite nanofibers. 

Infrared-based techniques are used to identify molecules on the surface. IR radiation is used to excite vibrational modes in molecules in the gas phase or adsorbed on a surface. The transmitted or reflected IR spectrum can be analyzed in a spectrometer. Considerable improvement in the sensitivity can be achieved by use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflection (the ATR-FTIR method) inside a crystal (germanium) of high refractive index can be used to further enhance the surface sensitivity (using the evanescent field). 

Keywords Surface analysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy Zinc dialkyidithiophosphate Combinatorial methods In situ methods Tribochemistry... 

Silicone elastomers are covalently crosslinked networks with an effective infinite molecular weight and are, as such, insoluble and intractable. Consequently the interrogative spectroscopic and imaging methodologies that may be employed to probe such a network structure are almost wholly confined to the solid state. Surface vibrational spectroscopies attenuation total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and resonance Raman spectroscopy... 

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) cell for use In Infrared spectroscopy. 

Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy... 

Surface analysis has made enormous contributions to the field of adhesion science. It enabled investigators to probe fundamental aspects of adhesion such as the composition of anodic oxides on metals, the surface composition of polymers that have been pretreated by etching, the nature of reactions occurring at the interface between a primer and a substrate or between a primer and an adhesive, and the orientation of molecules adsorbed onto substrates. Surface analysis has also enabled adhesion scientists to determine the mechanisms responsible for failure of adhesive bonds, especially after exposure to aggressive environments. The objective of this chapter is to review the principals of surface analysis techniques including attenuated total reflection (ATR) and reflection-absorption (RAIR) infrared spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and to present examples of the application of each technique to important problems in adhesion science. 

In order to characterize the surface regions of a sample that has been modified in some way, as is usually the case in adhesion-related investigations, some sort of a reflection experiment is required. Two types of experiments, attenuated total reflection (ATR) and reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIR),... 

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