Influenza virus antibody response

Mitchell, K. and Lawrence, B.P., T cell receptor transgenic mice provide novel insights into understanding cellular targets of TCDD Suppression of antibody production, but not the response of CD8+ T cells, during infection with influenza virus, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 192, 275, 2003. 

Antibodies responsive to influenza antigens are specific to the subtype and strain. To have an effective influenza vaccine, it is a requirement that there is an accurate prediction of the subtypes and strains that are expected to circulate in the influenza season months before the season begins. When the antigenic match between vaccine and circulating viruses is close, influenza vaccine is 70-90% effective. 

Prophylaxis - Start in anticipation of contact or as soon as possible after exposure. Use daily for at least 10 days following a known exposure. The infectious period extends from shortly before onset of symptoms to up to 1 week after. Because amantadine does not appear to suppress antibody response, it can be used in conjunction with inactivated influenza A virus vaccine until protective antibody responses develop administerfor 2 to 4 weeks after vaccine has been given. When the vaccine is unavailable or contraindicated, give amantadine for the duration of known influenza A in the community because of repeated and unknown exposure. 

McKean, D., Huppi, K., Bell, M., Staudt, L., Gerhard, W., Weigert, M. (1984). Generation of antibody diversity in the immune response of BALB/c mice to influenza virus hemagglutinin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 3180-3184. 

Lunn, D.P., Soboll, G., Schram, B.R., Quass, J., McGregor, M.W., Drape, R.J. etal. (1999) Antibody responses to DNA vaccination of horses using the influenza virus hemagglutinin gene. Vaccine, 17,2245-2258. 

Parenteral Route. Parenteral vaccination remains the immunization method of choice for most antigens because it provides more effective immune response than do any other routes of vaccination in most cases. Every years millions of people receive inactivated influenza vaccine by parenteral administration. Subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine is known to induce simultaneous immune responses in the blood and upper respiratory tract of subjects. The immune response, i.e., the increase in the number of influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells in peripheral blood and tonsils, increased rapidly to reach a peak within 1 week after vaccination.Parenteral vaccination of a DNA vaccine encoding glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus type 2 resulted in systemic cellular and humoral responses. The mucosal humoral responses generated by intramuscular and intradermal vaccination were comparable with those obtained by mucosal vaccination. The DNA vaccine was able to... 

The oldest, and perhaps most thoroughly studied system of this type is the interaction between the hemagglutinin of influenza virus A and A(-acetylneuraminic acid on cell surfaces. It is responsible not only for the adhesion of the virus to the cells, but also for fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane and is also the viral component to which protective antibody is directed. 

Higgins, D.A., Shortridge, K.F. Ng, P.L.K. (1987). Bile immunoglobulin of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) - 11. Antibody response in influenza A virus infections. Immunol, 62, 499-504. 

Salles MJ, Sens YA, Boas LS, Machado CM. Influenza virus vaccination in kidney transplant recipients serum antibody response to different immunosuppressive drugs. Clin Transplant 2010 24(1) E17-23. 

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