Influence of Solubility

SolubUity in the environment is necessary if the inhibitor is to reach the metal surface. However, in some cases, the degree of solubility can be related to the inhibitor s effectiveness. Borderhne solubility along with polar properties is thought to be an important feature in promoting the effectiveness of a particular molecule as a corrosion inhibitor. 

However, as solubility decreases, the amount of inhibitor available is decreased and the ease with which the material reaches the metal surface is diminished. In many cases, it is necessary to disperse the additives so it wiU be dilnted in the process stream sufficiently to dissolve. Thus, along with effectiveness, solubdity and dispersibility become important properties in the evaluation of an inhibitor formulation. 

Solubility in a two-phase system becomes even more complex. It is necessary to decide into which phase the inhibitor must be dissolved or if it should be distributed between both phases. 

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Influence of Soluble Surfactants on the Flow of Long Bubbles Through a Cylindrical Capillary... 

Schilling, M., F. Patett et al. (2007). Influence of solubility-enhancing fusion proteins and organic solvents on the in vitro biocatalytic performance of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase AtCCDl in a micellar reaction system. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 75(4) 829-836. 

House, J. E. (2007). Principles of Chemical Kinetics, 2nd ed. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Chapters 5 and 9 contain discussions of factors affecting reactions in solution and the influence of solubility parameter of the solvent on reaction rates. 

Chessells, M., Hawker, D.W., Connell, D.W. (1992) Influence of solubility in lipid on bioconcentration of hydrophobic compounds. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 23, 260-273. 

Scheuplein, R.J. (1965). Mechanism of percutaneous absorption, (i) Routes of penetration and the influence of solubility. J. Invest. Derm. 45 334-346. 

However, only the extracellular domains immediately adjacent to the cell membrane and the (32 microglobulin peptide have clear homology with the immunoglobulin domains. The al and ct2 segments of class I and the al and (31 domains in class II have quite an unusual structure. Class I molecules are present on virtually every cell in the body, the most notable exception being the syncytial trophoblast of the placenta. Class II expression is far more restricted B cells, dendritic cells which present antigen to T cells, and macrophage express abundant class II molecule on their surfaces. However, most other tissues can be induced to express class II molecules under the influence of soluble mediators such as 7-interferon. 

Influence of Solubility and Structure on the Activity of Metal Complex Oxidation Catalysts... 

Chessells, M., D. W. Hawker, and D. W. Connell, Influence of Solubility in Lipid on Bioconcentration of Hydrophobic Compounds. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 1992 23, 260-273. 

Kaschl, A., Romheld,V. and Chen, Y. (2002) The influence of soluble organic matter from municipal solid waste compost on trace metal leaching in calcareous soils, Science of The Total Environment 291, 45-57. 

INFLUENCE OF SOLUBLE ALKALIS ON THE STABILITY OF THE AIR-VOID STRUCTURE... 

X. Li and S. C. Ricke, Influence of soluble lysine maillard reaction products on Escherichia coli amino acid lysine auxotroph growth-based assay, J. Food Sci., 2002, 67, 2126-2128. 

In recent years there has been much interest in homogeneous hydrogenations catalyzed by transition metal complexes (7). One facet of research in this area is the search for chiral catalysts (catalysts that are dissymmetric, i.e., optically active) that can be used to produce chiral compounds via asymmetric reactions. In this review, we survey asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation reactions, that is reactions that create asymmetric carbon atoms by the addition of hydrogen across multiple bonds under the influence of soluble chiral catalysts. 

Influence of Soluble Mediators and Mechanical Forces on Articular Cartilage Cells... 

In the previous discussion of the limit value concentration, the influence of solubility of the odor compound in the packaging material on the limit value has been ignored. When one takes into consideration the KP/p value than in equilibrium one gets instead of Eq. (13-4) ... 

We consider the viscosity data on Pera concentrated orange juice (COJ) of Vitali (Vitali and Rao 1984a, 1984b) to illustrate the exponential model for the effect of soluble solids (°Brix) and insoluble solids (% Pulp) (Tables 2-3 and 2-4). The influence of soluble solids on apparent viscosity at a shear rate of 100 s ... 

Figure 2-11 The Influence of Soluble Solids on Apparent Viscosity at a Shear Rate of 100 s (Va,l00) and on the Consistency Coefficient, K, of Pera Concentrated Orange Juice, Data of Vitali and Rao (1984a).

Evans, 1. D. and Lips, A. 1993. Influence of soluble polymers on the elasticity of concentrated dispersions of deformable food microgel particles, in Food Colloids and Polymers Stability and Mechanical Properties, eds. E. Dickinson and P. Walstra, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England. 

Figure 5-10 Influence of Soluble Solids on Shear Rate versus Shear Stress Data ofTomato Concentrates using the Same Finisher Screen (based on data of Somsrivichai, 1986).

In electrically permeabilized insulin-secreting cells, the influence of soluble second messengers on exocytosis can be studied directly, since it is possible to dialyze such cells with respect to nucleotides and ions while cytosolic proteins are retained. In the presence of ATP, Ca " stimulates insulin exocytosis with an EC50 of approximately 1.6 l/Vl (Vallar efal., 1987, Ullrich efal., 1990). This is in close agreement with the value for Ca -stimulated exocytosis in patch-clamped mouse P-cells obtained using the capacitance method (Bokvist ef al.,... 

Golka K, Kopps S, and Myslak ZW (2004) Carcinogenicity of azo colorants Influence of solubility and bioavailability. Toxicology Letters 151 203-210. 

Jacobs, L.R. 1990. Influence of soluble fibers on experimental colon carcinogenesis, in Dietary Fiber Chemistry, Physiology, and Health Effects, eds., D. Kritchevsky, C. Bonfield and J.W. Anderson, New York Plenum, pp. 389-401. 

Tew, K, D., Bomber, A. M., and Hoffman, S. J., Ethacrynic acid and piriprost as enhancers of cytotoxicity in drug resistant and sensitive cell lines. Cancer Res. 48, 3622-3625 (1988). Tipping, E., and Ketterer, B., The influence of soluble binding proteins on lipophile transport and metabolism in hepatocytes. Biochem. J. 195, 441 52 (1981). 

MICROQL as modified to include the constant capacitance model was used to evaluate the possible influence of soluble silica in the Fe-Si binary systems. Sorption of soluble silica was represented by the following reactions where SOH represents the surface functional groups. 

The influence of solubility can also be studied by measuring the adsorption of individual substances under a variety of experimental conditions that alter solubility. Thus the addition of salt to an aqueous solution decreases the solubility of fatty acids and simultaneously increases their adsorption. This effect, known as salting out, is observed with proteins, amino acids, and other organic compounds (Table 2 9). The influence of a salt can be quite specific a definiterelation often exists between the chemical nature of the salt used and that of the substance being adsorbed. 

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