Inflammatory Properties of

Morgan, personal communication) as well as IL-ip, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFa, and IFNy from human dendritic cells (E.L. Morgan, personal communication). 

Being an anaphylatoxin, however, C5a also expresses many proinflammatory activities. These include its potent chemotactic activities for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of tissue injury and infection (Shin et al., 1968), its ability to induce smooth muscle contraction (Hugh et al., 1987), increase vascular permeability (Hugh and Muller-Eberhard, 1978 Hugh, 1981, 1990), and induce the release of a variety of secondary inflammatory mediators such as histamine, lysosomal enzymes, and vasoactive eicosanoids from responsive cells such as mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages (Drapeau et al., 1993 Johnson et al., 1975 Goldstein and Weissmann, 1974 Schorlemmer et al., 1976 Lundberg et al., 1987). 

astrocytes (Gasque et al., 1995), bronchial epithelial cells (Floreani et al., 1998), epithelial cells of the gut and kidney (Wetsel, 1995), and osteoblasts (Pobanz et al., 2000). The presence of C5aRs on these cells poses interesting questions about the nature of the C5a-mediated response and its role in the function of these cells under normal and aberrant physiologic conditions and is the focus of an active research program in our and several other laboratories. 

Because of its proinflammatory properties, C5a has been implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (Jose et al., 1990), adult respiratory distress syndrome (Till et al., 1982 Mulligan et al., 

---

De Klerck B, Geboes L, Hatse S, et al. Pro-inflammatory properties of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005 7(6) R1208-1220. 

The family Aristolochiaceae is a family of herbaceous plants often used in Asia and the Pacific to counteract snake poisoning, promote urination and menses, mitigate stomachache, and treat dropsy and skin diseases. During the past 20 years, members of this family, especially from the genus Aristolochia have attracted much interest and has been the subject of numerous chemical and pharmacological studies. The anti-inflammatory property of Aristolochia species is probably the result of a direct... 

A significant advance in the understanding of the anti-inflammatory properties of Bupleurum fruticescens has been provided by Prieto et al. (36). The showed that a methanol extract from the aerial parts had a significant effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity, inhibiting both LTB4 and 5(S)-HETE production, with IC50 values of 112 and 95 (xg/mL, respectively. At concentrations of 200 (Xg/mL, the extract inhibited COX-1 (90%) and elastase activities (54%). What are the principles involved here, saponin ... 

Sigesbeckia glabrescens Mak., or hi chum (Korean Fig. 21), is used in Korea to treat liver and kidney diseases, asthma, allergic disorders, costiveness, deafness, and blindness. In China, the plant is prescribed for rheumatic pain, numbness, weak bones, and to wash boils. The anti-inflammatory property of Sigesbeckia glabrescens Mak. is... 

Olajide OA, Okpako DT, Makinde JM. Anti-inflammatory properties of Bridelia ferrug-inea stem bark. Inhibition of lipopolysaccaride-induced septic shock and vascular permeability. J Ethnopharmacol 1999 88 221-224. 

The anti-inflammatory properties of several carbazole derivatives have attracted widespread attention. Some acidic tetrahydrocarbazoles have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity (451). Among these derivatives, l-ethyl-8-M-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-l-acetic acid (491) was found to be a novel antiinflammatory agent (451), and 6-chloro-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-2-carboxylic acid (492) was clinically active in the treatment of acute gout (452). 

Poon, A., Sawynok, J. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of an adenosine kinase inhibitor and an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, J. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1999, 384, 123-138. 

The wood is valuable as timber. In China, the bark and leaves are used for insecticide, for the treatment of skin diseases, and to heal sores and ulcers. In Korea, the bark is used for the treatment of rheumatisms, cold, and cough. In Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, an infusion of leaves is drunk to promote digestion. The anti-inflammatory property of the plan is confirmed in vitro and thought to be imparted by saponins, including kalopanaxsaponin A and pictoside A, which elicited significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity in rodents (78-82). What is the dopaminergic activity of kalopanaxsaponin A and pictoside A ... 

Menon VP, Sudheer AR. 2007. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Adv Exp Med Biol 595 105-125. 

Bochkov V. N. and LeitingerN. (2003). Anti-inflammatory properties of lipid oxidation products. J. Mol. Med. 81 613-626. 

Satoskar, R.R., Shah, S.J. and Shenoy, S.G. (1986) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Theoretical Toxiclogy 24, 651-654. 

Anti-inflammatory properties of lanthanides have been recognized for the past forty years, although the mechanism is not clearly known [198]. It was also predicted that lanthanides and their complexes might be eventually used in the treatment of arthritis [ 199]. 

---