Inflammation dermal

Absorption of phenol occurs fairly rapidly via the inhalation (Hughes and Hall 1995 Ohtsuji and Ikeda 1972 Piotrowski 1971), oral (Capel et al. 1972 Edwards et al. 1986 French et al. 1974 Hughes and Hall 1995 Kao et al. 1979 Kenyon et al. 1995), and dermal (Baranowska-Dutkiewicz 1981 Hughes and Hall 1995 Piotrowski 1971) routes. Because it is an irritant, tissue damage, inflammation, or other irritation effects may occur at the sites of absorption. Because of its high pKa, ionization will not occur within the acid environment of the gut. The action of gut microflora on phenol breakdown is not expected to be significant. 

Dermal/Ocular Effects. Volunteers including the report s author were exposed topically to liquid from a remote water gauge this liquid contained 1,2-dibromoethane as well as other chemicals (Pfiesser 1938). Follow-up tests were formed with 1,2-dibromoethane. No dermal changes occurred when the liquid or 0.5 cc of 1,2-dibromoethane was applied to uncovered skin. A burning sensation, inflammation and vesiculation occurred when a cloth dressing saturated with the liquid was applied for 1-2 hours. Skin lesions resolved with treatment after 7-13 days. 

Dermal/Ocular Effects. Adverse dermal effects occur in humans following topical exposure of relatively high concentrations of 1,2-dibromoethane. These effects consist of inflammation, blister formation, and necrosis (Letz et al. 1984 Pfiesser 1938). Effects were most severe when... 

Zheng Y, Danilenko DM, Valdez P, Kasman I, Eastham-Anderson J, Wu J, Ouyang W Interleukin-22, a T(H)17 cytokine, mediates IL-23-induced dermal inflammation and acanthosis. Nature 2007 445 648-651. 

Renal lesions have been produced in mice by dermal application of JP-5 or marine diesel fuel. The inability to duplicate these lesions with intraperitoneal administration suggested that skin application, in particular the alteration of skin following repeated dermal application, was necessary to produce the renal toxicity, and that the renal effects appeared to be secondary to skin injury (Easley et al. 1982). Lymphocytic inflammation has been induced in the urinary bladder of mice with chronic dermal application of JP-5 or marine diesel fuel (NTP/NIH 1986). However, acute and intermediate dermal exposures to kerosene and JP-5, respectively, were not toxic to the renal system of mice (Upreti et al. 

Renal Effects. Although no adverse effects on renal function have been reported, elevated levels of urobilinogen were found in workers after inhalation exposure to an unspecified amount of 1,3-DNB (Okubo and Shigeta 1982). It took approximately 50 days for urobilinogen to return to normal levels. The only information located regarding renal toxicity in animals after exposure to 1,3-DNB was from an early study in which kidney inflammation was observed in a cat after dermal application of... 

Liquor characteristics (circle those which apply) explosive, inflammable, toxic, foamy, heat sensitive, dermal sensitive, corrosive, other ... 

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