Infertility agent

Infertility Agent. Synthetic hormone blocks premature ovulation by antogonizing GnRH-stimulated LH release. 

Tributyltin compounds used as antifouling agents on boats have had serious toxic effects upon many mollusks, including populations of oysters and dog whelks. Females of the latter species developed a condition known as imposex, which rendered them infertile and caused local extinction of the population in shallow coastal waters. Imposex provides the basis for a valuable biomarker assay. 

High dosages of alkylating agents can cause prolonged azoospermia in greater than 90% of men, whereas platinum drugs can cause it in up to 50% of men. Cyropreservation of semen before treatment starts should be discussed with males at risk for treatment-induced infertility.52... 

The answer is c. (Hardman, pp 414-4163) Unwanted pharmacologic side effects produced by phenothiazine antipsychotic drugs (e.g., perphenazine) include Parkinson-like syndrome, akathisia, dystonias, galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and infertility. These side effects are due to the ability of these agents to block dopamine receptors. The phenothiazines also block muscarinic and a-adrenergic receptors, which are responsible for other effects. 

Barchielli A, Buiatti E, Franchini M, et al. 1982. Male infertility and occupational exposure to chemical agents A review. Med Lav 73 483-495. 

Polycystic ovary syndrome endocrine disorder characterised by amenorrhoea, hirsutism and infertility Porphyria inherited disorders presenting with increased production of porphyrins in the bone marrow Prostatic hyperplasia enlargement of the prostate Pseudomembranous colitis diarrhoea occurring in patients who received antibacterial agents, caused by the resulting overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract... 

The chief therapeutic uses of estrogens and progestins are as oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy. Progestins and SERMs are also important agents in the treatment of osteoporosis, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and infertility. 

Phytoestrogens can cause infertility in some animals and thus concerns have been raised over their consumption by human infants. The isoflavones found in a subterranean clover species (in Western Australia) have been identified as the agents responsible for an infertility... 

N.A. Gossypol, flavonoids." This herb is toxic. As a labor-inducing agent, promote abortion or onset of menstruation. Gossypol causes infertility in men. 

There is, however, a possibility that an increased risk of breast cancer might be associated with the state of infertility itself and not with the agents administered to treat it. In a retrospective study of data on 12 193 women evaluated for infertility between 1965 and 1988 at five clinical sites, 292were identified and followed up to the end of 1999. The standardized incidence ratios for in situ and invasive breast cancers in these women were compared with the breast cancer risks in a cohort from the general population (62). Infertile patients as a group had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.29, 95%CI... 

The chemotherapeutic agent does not differentiate between cancerous and normal cells, and hence causes severe toxicity. Toxic effects are leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, ulceration, diarrhea, azoospermia, infertility, premature menopause, alopecia, and vomiting. On prolonged use, these agents may cause gonadal damage and teratogenicity. 

Long-term complications such as cardiomyopathy (e.g., doxorubicin), leukemia (i.e., mechlorethamine), and infertility (alkylating agents) can also occur. Amelioration of certain side effects can be achieved with the judicious use of antiemetics and blood transfusions (or erythropoietin). 

Amenorrhea and infertility were consequences of the effects of typical neuroleptic drugs and of risperidone. Clinicians should be aware that patients changed from these agents to drugs like olanzapine, quetiapine, or clozapine are therefore at risk of pregnancy (6). 

The use of chemical antifertility agents or chemosterilants with attractants is being explored. Insects made infertile by this combination would be more damaging to their species than if they were killed outright 11,12), since they would seek out and mate with other members of their species and thereby prevent them from propagating— setting up, in effect, an entomological chain reaction. 

Clomiphene citrate (Clomid) is an orally administered nonsteroidal agent widely used for treatment of infertility. Visual side effects associated with clomiphene therapy include nonspecific blmring of vision and various entop-tic phenomena, including flashes of light, scintillations, heat waves, and prolonged afterimages. The symptoms can occur as early as several days after treatment is started and usually disappear within several days to several weeks after treatment is discontinued. Cases have been reported, however, in which patients remained symptomatic from 2 to 7 years after discontinuing the medication. 

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