Infections of the gastrointestinal tract

DIARRHEA Diarrhea may be an indication of a super-infection of the gastrointestinal tract or pseudomembranous colitis. The nurse inspects all stools and notifies the primary health care provider if diarrhea occurs because it may be necessary to stop the drug. If diarrhea does occur and there appears to be blood and mucus in the stool, it is important to save a sample of the stool and test for occult blood using a test such as Hemoccult. If the stool tests positive for blood, the nurse saves the sample for possible further laboratory analysis. 

Humoral antibodies of the IgG elass are able to eross the placenta flxm mother to fetus. These antibodies will provide passive proteetion of the new-born against those diseases which involve humoral immunity and to which the mother is immune. In this fashion, new-born infants in the UK have passive proteetion against tetanus but not against tuberculosis which requires cell-mediated immunity. Seeretory antibodies are also passed to the new-born together with the first deliveries of breast milk (colostrum). Such antibodies provide some passive protection against infections of the gastrointestinal tract. 

Vitamin A deficiency is worldwide one of the most prevalent nutrition-dependent deficiency diseases. It leads to changes of the respiratory epithelium, which result in repeated infections of the respiratory tract, the main cause of death in vitamin A-deficient children. The difficulty in supplying the respiratory epithelium with vitamin A is that the affected children frequently suffer as well from infections of the gastrointestinal tract with subsequent reduction of the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Nutritargeting can in these cases avoid the problems of malabsorption and ensure the micronutrient supply. 

Typhoid fever is a disease which starts as an infection of the gastrointestinal tract. It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It spreads by ingestion of contaminated food or drink. Normally Salmonella typhi bacterium is inactivated by... 

Fungal infections of the gastrointestinal tract can result in serious diarrhoea. The macrolides amphotericin B (51) and nystatin (52) are used to control this disease in pigs and poultry respectively. 

Amon, S. (1995). Botulism as an intestinal toxemia. In Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract (M. Blaser, P. Smith, J. Ravdin, H. Greenberg, R. Guerrant, eds), pp. 257-71. Raven Press, New York. 

Amon, S.S. (1998). Infant botulism. In Textbook of Pediatric Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract (R.D. Feigen, J.D. Cherry, eds). W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 

The detection of triterpenoid compounds in extracts from Bidens pilosa may rationalize the use of this plant in traditional Egyptian medicine in the treatment of wounds and against bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract [211,212]. The chloroform extract gave 3-amyrin. Fig. (29), phytosterin B and P-sitosterol glucoside, while the petroleum ether extract afforded P-am5Tin, Fig. (29), phytosterin B, lupeol. Fig. (30), lupeol acetate, linolic acid and linolenic acid. The antimicrobial test was carried out to indicate an evident activity. 

Katz DE, Taylor DN. Parasitic infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2001 30 797-815. 

In patients whose maldigestion is difficult to control, other underlying conditions should be considered, such as noncompliance, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, celiac disease, lactose deficiency, inflammatory bowel disease, anatomical abnormalities, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis. This question is complicated by the abundance of small intestinal viscous glycoproteins in cystic fibrosis, prolonged intestinal transit times, which may provoke bacterial overgrowth [104], and absorption of the enzymes in their macromolecular form [105]. 

Sulfapyradine was shown to be effective against pneumonia in 1938 before that time, pneumonia epidemics had brought death to tens of thousands. Sulfacetamide was first used successfully in treating urinary tract intections in 1941. Succinylsulfathiazole and the related compound phthalylsulfathiazole were used as chemotherapeutics against infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Both compounds are hydrolyzed to sultathiazole, a molecule that on its own saved the lives of countless soldiers in World War II. 

Arnon, S., Schecter, R., Inglesby, T., et al., 2001. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon. Medical and Public Health Management. JAMA 285, 1059-1070. Arnon, S.S., 1998. Infant botulism. In Feigen, R.D., Cherry, J.D. (Eds.), Textbook of Pediatric Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia. Bakry, N., Kamata, Y., Simpson, L., 1997. Expression of botulinum toxin binding sites in Xenopus oocytes. Infect. Immun. 65, 2225-2232. 

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