Infarction left ventricle

If in patients with these risks the following structural disorders are added, the stage becomes Stage B previous myocardial infarction, left ventricle (LV) remodeling, low ejection fraction (EF) or asymptomatic valvular disorders. 

The mechanical and hemodynamic behavior of the infarcted left ventricle... 

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a clinical syndrome with multiple causes and involve the right or left ventricle or both and in CHF, cardiac output is usually below the normal range. This ventricular dysfunction may be systolic, which leads to inadequate force generation to eject blood normally and diastolic, which leads to inadequate relaxation to permit normal filling. Systolic dysfunction, with decreased cardiac output and significantly reduced ejection fraction is typical of acute heart failure, especially that resulting from myocardial infarction. 

Comparison of clinical studies using bone marrow and blood-derived cells after acute myocordian infarction to prevent the development of heart failure. Currently, bone marrow-derived stem cells show greater potential to treat early-stage disease, primarily owing to their angiogenic potential, leading to improved left ventricle protection and ultimately to better preserved function. 

Abbreviations AMI, acute myocardial infarction BM-MNC. bone marrow mononuclear cell BOOST, bone marrow transfer to enhance ST-elevation infarct regeneration CPC, circulating progenitor cells HF, heart failure LV, left ventricle LVED, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume LVER left ventricular ejection fraction Ml. myocardial infarction TOPCARE-AMI, transplantation of progenitor cells and regeneration enhancement in acute myocardial infarction. Source From Ref. 21. 

I/R = ischemia/reperfusion CA = coronary artery LV = left ventricle MI = myocardial infarction and LAD = left anterior descending branch of left coronary artery. 

Fig. 3. (a) Digital photographs of mid-slices of nitro blue tetrazolium stained hearts treated with CSIL at 5 (a), 10 (b), and 20 (c) min of ischemia orIgG-L at 5 (d), 10 (e), and 20 (f) min of ischemia, (b) Mean infarct sizes are expressed as the percentage of right and left ventricles of hearts treated with CSIL, IgG-L, phosphate buffered saline (PBS), or sham instrumentation... 

To diagnose a chronic Q-wave infarction, the criteria that define a Q wave of necrosis should be identified. The criteria used for the diagnosis of an infarction involving the different walls into which the left ventricle maybe divided have been discussed on page 135 (Tables 5.2 to 5.4). Measurement and assessment of Q and R waves may be made according to the Minnesota code (Blackburn et al., 1960) (Figure 5.1). All these aspects have been commented on in Chapter 1. 

Infarction of the basal parts of the left ventricle (areas of late depolarisation)... 

Dunn W, Edwards J, Pruitt R. The electrocardiogram in infarction of the lateral wall of the left ventricle a clinico-pathological study. Circulation 1956 14 540. 

Pahlm O, Chaitman B, Rautaharju P, Selvester R, Wagner G. Comparison of the various electrocardiographic scoring codes for estimating anatomically documented sizes of single and multiple infarcts of the left ventricle. Am J Cardiol 1998 81 809. 

Hypertension is usually a temporary adjustment to emotional stress or trauma, but after sustained hypertension, the condition perpetuates itself, becoming essential hypertension. The left ventricle of the heart, challenged by the need to pump blood against pressure higher than normal, develops a thickened muscular wall, called cardiac hypertrophy. The extra muscular mass requires additional oxygen, and any decrease in coronary blood flow has more serious consequences in hypertensive patients than in normal individuals. Myocardial infarction (muscle cells die due to lack of oxygen) is therefore more of a threat in hypertensive patients than in normals. Even with the implantation of a replacement heart, the underlying causes of the heart failure have not been eliminated, and the cycle is likely to repeat. 

---