Industrial sources facilities

The Pollution Prevention Act of 199027 requires facilities to report information about the management of Toxic Relief Inventory (TRI) chemicals in waste and efforts made to eliminate or reduce those quantities. The data summarized in Table 3.38 cover a four-year period and is meant to provide a basic understanding of the quantities of waste handled by the industry, the methods typically used to manage this waste, and recent trends in these methods.1 TRI waste management data can be used to assess trends in source reduction within individual industries and facilities, and for specific TRI chemicals. This information could then be used as a tool in identifying opportunities for pollution prevention compliance assistance activities. 

The other types of radioactive materials cited in this section (medical industry and food industry sources) produce significantly lower activity levels than fuel from a nuclear power plant. However, these sources of radioactive materials may be appealing to terrorists because they are far more accessible. Thousands of hospitals, medical treatment facilities, and food industry plants scattered across the U.S. are protected by relatively low levels of security. 

Occupational exposure to higher than background levels of chloroform can be expected to occur in some occupations although few quantitative exposure data were located. Populations with the highest potential exposures appear to be workers employed in or persons living near industries and facilities that manufacture or use chloroform operators and individuals who live near municipal and industrial waste water treatment plants and incinerators, and paper and pulp plants and persons who derive their drinking water from groundwater sources contaminated with leachate from hazardous waste sites. 

In some areas industrial sources are of importance as well. A rigid adherence to Directives regulating industrial facilities such as the IPPC and LCP Directives is therefore of great importance. 

Tin is detected in air infrequently at low concentrations, except in the vicinity of industrial sources. Air concentrations in United States cities ranged from below the detection limit to 0.8 pg/m in several studies (WHO 1980). Average concentrations are generally <0.1 pg/m, with the higher concentrations near some industrial facilities (EPA 1982a WHO 1980). In some studies, tin was not detected in 40% to more than 50% of samples (WHO 1980). Atmospheric tin is associated with particulate matter and peak concentrations were found on smaller respirable particles (1 to 3 pm) (WHO 1980). 

Feed to the medical source facility is a composite billet prepared in the sales and industrial source packaging facility. 

Recent estimates of the atmospheric loading rate of acrolein from sources in the United States were not located. Anderson (1983) estimated the total loading rate of acrolein in 1978 to be 91,450 pounds from facilities involved in its production and use as a chemical intermediate. Loading rates from various industrial sources were as follows acrylic acid manufacturers, 15,175 pounds refined acrolein and glycerin manufacturers, 55,660 pounds methionine manufacturers, 18,150 pounds and miscellaneous intermediate uses, 2420 pounds. These loading rates were based on a total production volume of 350 million pounds for acrolein in 1978, with 87% of this volume consumed in the production of acrylic acid and its derivatives. 

Industrial sources may represent a potential risk from chemical spills, On-site waste-water treatment facilities should be checked for capacity ... 

Pollution prevention cannot be adequately implemented or monitored for effectiveness unless facility operators and regulators know what is being released from the facility and its origin. Therefore one of the study team s first tasks was to assemble a detailed inventory of releases from the refinery. At the start of the project, information on all of the refinery s release sources was not available. This was understandable, considering that complex industrial sources such as the refinery contain hundreds, sometimes thousands, of potential release points. It is technically difficult and impractical to monitor and measure each of these points. 

In the United States, PAC-activated sludge systems for nitrification generally has been applied at municipal treatment plants where industrial sources contribute a significant fraction of the incoming wastewater. In all instances, PAC regeneration was included in the flowsheet (38). A summary of selected municipal PAC facilities is presented in Table 8. 

CO2 capture from large industrial sources, such as power plants, refineries, cement plants, steel mills, or hydrogen production facilities. 

Commanders in the local area shall make every attempt to obtain information about toxic industrial chemical facilities within their area of operation. Sources of information include the safety report and safety data sheets on the facility, international code marking on storage... 

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