Billets preparation

Billeter prepared diethylthiocarbamyl chloride2 and other carbamyl chlorides by the reaction of the appropriate amine as amine hydrochloride with thiophosgene. The present preparation represents an adaptation of the Ritter process.6... 

Feed to the medical source facility is a composite billet prepared in the sales and industrial source packaging facility. 

PTFE resins exhibit a first-order transition at 19°C (66°F) due to a change of crystalline structure from triclinic to hexagonal unit cell (see Chapter 3, Section 3.2.1.3). A volume change of approximately 1% is associated with this transition (Figure 4.3). Another consequence is that the resin has a better powder flow below 19°C but responds more poorly to preform pressure. Billets prepared below this transition are weaker and tend to crack during sintering. For this reason, the resin should... 

This development involves the extrusion of a compacted powder billet prepared and extruded below the melting point. The powder is loaded into the 3/8" diameter barrel of an Instron capillary rheometer that is plugged at one end. A moderate pressure ( 0.23 GPa) is applied to compact the powder into a coherent billet. This billet is then extruded in the conventional manner giving a translucent coherent strand. 

Electrolytic purification of metals is considered at length in Chapter 17. In essence, metals can be deposited in high purity from solution on a cathodic surface, by careful control of the voltage and other parameters. The anode can be a billet of the impure metal, and the impurities will either stay in solution or form an insoluble anode slime here, both dissolution and reprecipitation of the desired metal are accomplished in a single electrolytic step. Alternatively, a crude solution of the metal ion might be prepared by some other means, and the pure metal deposited on a cathode with an anode of some inert material the product of electrolysis at the anode will normally be oxygen gas. 

Analysis of refined germanium products is done in a wide variety of ways, including several methods that have become ASTM standards (47). Electronic-grade Ge02 is analyzed using an emission spectrograph to determine its spectrographic purity. Its volatile content is measured in accord with ASTM F5 and its bulk density with F6. Other ASTM standards cover the preparation of a metal billet from a sample of the oxide (F27), and the determination of the conductivity type (F42) and resistivity (F43) of the billet. 

Cerium metal in the form of small rectangular billets approximately 5 X X 2 in. is used in this preparation. The surfaces of the billets are filed down under a bath of mineral oil to ensure removal of any oxide layer. Caution is advised as the metal may be pyrophoric. The billets are rinsed in carbon tetrachloride to remove the mineral oil and are then transferred to the vacuum glove box. All subsequent handling of the metal is done in the vacuum glove box in a high-purity argon or helium gas environment. 

Skived film — A PTFE film prepared by peeling from a sintered billet using a sharp cutting tool in a similar fashion as, for example, wood veneer. 

The billet contains a californium oxide-palladium core gold-brazed in a Pt - 10% Ir container (0.76-cm diameter x 3.56 cm long). The core is prepared by deposition of palladium on a fine precipitate of californium oxalate in an aqueous system (6). 

The PBXs are powdered explosives to which plastic binders have been added. The binder is usually precipitated out of solution in the preparation process such that it coats the explosive crystals. Agglomerates of these coated crystals form pressing beads. The beads are then either die pressed or isostatically pressed at temperatures as high as 120°C. Pressures from 1 to 20 kpsi then produce pellets, or billets, with densities as high as 97% of the theoretical maximum density (TMD). The billets thus produced have good mechanical strength and can be machined to very close tolerances. Table 4.3 lists various PBXs in common use in the U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE) weapons laboratories. Table... 

Most of the experiments described in the literature, including the pioneering work by Pugh, were performed as hydrostatic extrusions. For materials like HOPE, PP, and POM this method is considered to be the only one which allows cxmtinuous preparation of extrudates, due to the reduced friction between billet and barrel and the decrease in strain hardening. The apparatus also used for hydrostatic extrusion is schematically depicted in Fig. 1. 

To prepare billets for the solid-state extrusion experiments, the materials were injection molded at 15 to 30 °C above the respective melting temperature. The billet materials... 

Relatively simple equipment is used for billet molding. It consists of a stainless steel mold and hydraulic press for fabrication of the preform, and an oven for sintering. A lathe and skiving blades are required for preparation of film and sheet. 

In actual practice, the antimony electrode does not give highly accurate results. The previous history, preparation, and surface characteristics of each antimony billet used affect the response. Each electrode must be carefully calibrated over the pH range to be used and factors such as dissolved oxygen and the composition of the buffer solution affect response. Nevertheless, the ruggedness, simplicity, very low resistance, and low cost of the antimony electrode have made it useful, for example, in continuous industrial-process monitoring when high precision and accuracy is not required. 

Billet, M. Preparation of Homoallylamines via a Three-Component Reaction Application to the Synthesis of Nitrogenated Heterocycles. Doctorate Thesis, Strasbourg Univrasity Fiance, 2001, July 2001. 

The billets are often in the form of cylinder, which are then mounted on a mandrel. Sheeting is prepared by skiving, much like plywood is cut from large logs. The sheeting is cut in the thickness range of 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) to 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). 

To prepare the composite, a total of 121 holes were drilled in a 76-mm-diameter, 240-mm-long, 1100 A1 billet. After being degreased and etched, Nb (53wt.%)-Ti rods 4.8 mm in diameter were inserted into the holes. Once the nose cone and back end were welded onto the billet in an argon-filled chamber, the billet was pumped to a vacuum of 10 Pa before the pigtail tube was crimped and sealed. 

Schematic representation of each of these model conductor billet designs appears in Figs. 3 through 6. The characteristics of these conductors and the conventional bronze composite of the same current-carrying capacity are presented in Table I. Unlike the conventional a-bronze composites, which require three stages of extrusion, these high-tin bronze composite designs require only two stages because of the ease of preparing the smaller stacking elements for the billet.

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