Industrial sewage sludge

WAS Waste products (agricultural, residential, industrial), sewage, sludge, sewage sludge, effluents,... 

Washing and dewatering by air displacement of cakes are possible. AppHcations are in the treatment of minerals, in the sugar industry, and in the treatment of municipal sewage sludge and fillers like talc, clay, whiting, etc. 

F/uidi ed-BedIncinerator. Fluidized-bed incinerators are employed in the paper and petroleum (qv) industries, in the processing of nuclear wastes, and the disposal of sewage sludge. These are quite versatile and can be used for disposal of soflds, Hquids, and gaseous combustible wastes. 

PermeOx is also used to improve the bioremediation of soils contaminated with creosote or kerosene (see Bioremediation (Supplement)), to deodori2e sewage sludges and wastewater (see Odormodification), and to dechloriaate wastewater and effluents. A special formulation of calcium peroxide, made by FMC and sold ia the United States under the trademark Trap2ene, is used for removing metal ions from acidic waste streams such as coal ash leachate and acid mine drainage (see Wastes, industrial). 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

Production, Import/Export, Use, Release, and Disposal. Humans are at risk of exposure to trichloroethylene because of its widespread use and distribution in the environment. Production, import, and use of the chemical are known to be relatively high, but recent quantitative data were not available (HSDB 1994). Trichloroethylene is released to the atmosphere mainly through its use in vapor degreasing operations (EPA 1985e). Landfills can be a concentrated source of trichloroethylene on a local scale. It is also released to surface water and land in sewage sludges and industrial liquid or solid waste. Trichloroethylene is... 

The main points of collection and subsequent release of these contaminants into the environment are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where they enter via domestic and hospital sewages or industrial discharges [1]. Some of them are more likely accumulated in sewage sludge, due to their moderate to high hydrophobic... 

The concentration levels observed in sewage sludge show that UV filters originate mainly from private households, but besides this, surface runoff and industrial discharges may be considered as additional sources. This indicates that in addition to sunscreens, cosmetics and other personal products, UV filters from plastics, textiles, and other materials can be released to the environment by either volatilization or leaching. 

Stationary sources Waste incineration Steel industry Recycling plants Energy production Municipal solid waste, clinical waste, hazardous waste, sewage sludge Steel mills, sintering plants, hot-strip mills Non-ferrous metals (melting, foundry Al, Cu, Ptx, Zn, Sn) Fossil fuel power plants, wood combustion, landfill gas... 

Secondary sources of PCDD/PCDFs, their reservoirs, are those matrices where they are already present, either in the environment or as products. Product reservoirs include PCP-treated wood, PCB-containing transformers and sewage sludge, compost and liquid manure, which can be used as fertilizers in agriculture and gardens. Reservoirs in the environment are, for example, landfills and waste dumps, contaminated soils (mainly from former chemical production or handling sites), and contaminated sediments (especially in harbours and rivers with industries discharging directly to the waterways). 

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