Industrial chromatography

A third parameter to consider is the column construction. Thus the sample applicator should provide optimal sample application to give the most performance possible out of the packed bed. Constructions should also allow simple, fast, and reproducible packing of the column. Because costs for repacking of columns are a substantial operating cost item in industrial chromatography, the selection of column construction from this point of view is also important. Some novel column constructions allow very simple procedures both for laboratory and for industrial scale (e.g., INdEX columns, see Section V). 

Nieoud R.M. and M. Badly, in Proeeedings of the 9th Symposium on Preparative and Industrial Chromatography Prep 92 , INPL, Naney, Pranee, 1992, pp. 205-220. 

The final approach to the reduction of eluent consumption is the optimal recycling of solvents. Indeed, preparative and industrial chromatography can be designed as a unit operation that includes solvent recycling dry feed mixture is injected while dry separated compounds are recovered. Many techniques can be applied depending on the situation in isocratic (that is with a constant mobile phase composition) or gradient conditions, and with organic and/or supercritical eluents. 

Leveque H, Adam N, Duval R, Seventh International Symposium on Preparative and Industrial Chromatography and Allied Techniques, Sept. 23-25, 1998, Strasbourg, France (1998). 

Moller P, Sanchez D, Persson B, Andersson S, Allenmark S, 11th International Symposium on Preparative and Industrial Chromatography (1994). 

Adsorption surface, SFC, solvent Interactions, 1>>9 Air monitors. Industrial chromatography, 200 Alditol acetates, chromatogram, 32f Alkyl groups, bonded, HPLC development, 82,83 Amides, enantiomeric, separation, >l3,>l>lf Amine compounds, RPLC, 8>l Amino acids HPLC, 86,87f Ion exchange, 81 ligand exchange, >>... 

The acetone-formaldehyde separation would be an example of affinity difference chromatography in which molecules of similar molecular weight or isomers of compounds are separated on the basis of differing attractions or distribution coefficients for the resin. The largest industrial chromatography application of this type is the separation of fructose from glucose to produce 55% or 90% fructose com sweetener,... 

Ion exclusion chromatography involves the separation of an ionic component from a nonionic component. The ionic component is excluded from the resin beads by ionic repulsion, while the nonionic component will be distributed into the liquid phase inside the resin beads. Since the ionic solute travels only in the interstitial volume, it will reach the end ofthe column before the nonionic solute which must travel a more tortuous path through the ion exchange beads. A major industrial chromatography application of this type is the recovery of sucrose from the ionic components of molasses. 

One of the earlier attemptst at industrial chromatography used an adaptation ofthe Higgins contactor for the ion exclusion purification of sugar juices. The physical movement of the low cross-linked resin caused attrition as it was moved around the contactor. It was also difficult to maintain the precise control needed on flow rates because ofthe pressure drop changes and volume changes of the resin as it cycled from the mostly water zone to the mostly sugar solution zone. 

HPLC Practical and Industrial Chromatography, Second Edition... 

Nevertheless, monolithic polymethacrylate columns up to 8000 mL in size (e.g., the CIM tube monolithic column from BIA Separations) are already commercially available for separation of large biomolecules such as proteins, protein aggregates, plasmid DNA, and viruses [156]. In their recent review, Jungbauer and Hahn [157] discussed the use of polymethacrylate monoliths for preparative and industrial chromatography. They focus on the pressure drop characteristics, mass transfer properties, scale-up, and applications of monoliths in the context of conventional chromatography media. 

Every stage requires a certain column height HETP (height equivalent to a theoretical plate) however, dealing with the design of an industrial chromatography column it is necessary to take into account that... 

Dealing with the design of industrial chromatography coluttms, it is necessary to take into account... 

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