Industrial Buildings

Industrial activity encompasses an enormous variety of operations, and industrial buildings provide the required protection from the external environment. Of necessity, therefore, they take many shapes and structural forms and may be composed of a variety of materials. 

Industrial buildings can be procured in one of three basic forms  

Many industrial operations will require buildings with a large number of specific attributes. Such requirements will include many of the following  

Any one of the above may require a specific building to be designed and constructed due to the unsuitability of available facilities falling into the option (1) and (2) categories. 

Apart from performance criteria, an industrial building might also be required to project a corporate identity by a striking appearance. This generally requires a specifically designed facility. 

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These foams are used for board stock in commercial and industrial buildings as insulation for internal cavity and external walls, roof, floor, and foundations. Spray-appHed foam, covered subsequently with one of a variety of protective coatings, is widely used for large roofing appHcations and has limited use as external walls. Eor residential buildings, the principal use is as external sheathing board. 

The physical properties of the reinforced polyester product made from chopped glass are Hsted in Table 1. The chemical resistance varies according to the composition but is generally good. Its principal uses in building products are for sanitary ware, eg, tub-shower units, and for panels, especially translucent or cement-filled types for roofing and walls of commercial or industrial buildings. 

B31.2 Fuel Gas Piping For Biel gas for steamgenerating stations and industrial buildings Latest issue 1968... 

Demolition and construction wastes. Wastes from razed building and other structures are classified as demolition wastes. Wastes from the construction, remodeling, and repair of commercial and industrial buildings and other similar structures are classified as construction wastes. These wastes may include dirt, stones, concrete, bricks, plaster, lumber, shingles, and plumbing, heating, and electrical parts. 

Conventional Solid Wastes In most office, commercial, and industrial buildings, solid wastes that accumulate in individual offices or work locations usually are collected in relatively large containers mounted on casters. Once filled, these containers are removed by means of the service elevator, if there is one, and emptied into (1) large storage containers, (2) compactors used in conjunc tion with the storage containers, (3) stationaiy compactors that can compress the... 

Self-curing butyl adhesives can be used for laminating polyethylene film and for flocking adhesives. One of the most important applications is the use of BR as curing, solvent-dispersed and contact-grade for roof manufacturing on industrial buildings. 

Labor and Industry Building 7th Fon-ester Streets Harrisburg. PA 17120 (717) 783-2071... 

This chapter introduces fundamentals of human physiology and health requirements relevant to the control of indoor environment within industrial buildings. 

This chapter describes calculation models for building energy demand and air flow in and around industrial buildings. Special attention is paid to simulation of airborne contaminant control. 

K. Niemela, A. Tossavainen, V. Riihimaki, P. Kalliokoski, and T. Mannelin, Target levels of indoor air quality in industrial buildings. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Ventilation for Contaminant Control, vol. 18, pp. 71-76, 1994. 

In some cases, the ventilation process in the room can be simplified and mechanisms of air and contaminant movement under the influence of each of the above factors can be described using simplified theoretical principles of fluid mechanics, empirical data, and observations from numerous research studies. In general, the ventilation process in a room is complex and different factors have a joint effect on airflow patterns and characteristics, in continued spaces and in industrial buildings particularly. 

Heating and cooling load calculation for HVAC system design is based on the heat balance principle. For the given building, room, or independent building zone, heat balance components should be established and analyzed. The ma or heat sources and sinks in industrial buildings are ... 

Moisture control in industrial buildings is necessary to avoid problems related to... 

Shilkrot, E. O. 1977, N.atural ventilation of single-story industrial buildings with significant heat loads. Ph.D, Thesis, MISl, Moscow. 

Kristeiisson, J. A., and O. A. Lmdqvist. 1993. Displacement ventilation systems in industrial buildings. ASHRAE Transactions, vol. 99, no. 1. 

TsNUProrazdanii. 1984. Recommendations on Heating and Ventilating Systems Design with Directing Nozzles. Central Research Institute for Industrial Buildings, Moscow. 

Air curtains are local ventilation devices that are used in industrial buildings to reduce leakage of airflow through apertures in building enclosures and process equipment. Their operation is based on the damping effect of air jets that are supplied into the area of the open aperture. The advantages of air curtains include... 

An air curtain is to be used in the doorway of an industrial building to prevent the penetration of cold air into the building. The task is to dimension this air curtain device for the following climatic conditions ... 

For a building with sharp corners, Cp is almost independent of the wind speed (i.e., Reynolds number) because the flow separation points normally occur at the sharp edges. This may not be the case for round buildings, w here the position of the separation point can be affected by the wind speed. For the most common case of the building with a rectangular shape, Cp values are normally between 0.6 and 0.8 for the upwind wall, and for the leeward wall 0,6 < C, < —0.4. Figure 7.99 and Table 7.32 show an example of the distribution of surface pressure coefficient values on the typical industrial building envelope. 

FIGURE 7.99 Example of surface pressure coefficient values for a typical industrial building envelope. 

Limited information is available on values of for industrial buildings. The effective leakage area, CjA, can be determined by means of a building pressurization or depressurization test.-7 A range of values of for cracks formed around closed windows are given in Table 7.33. These should be used with a value of P = 0.67. 

Once the information on the industrial processes and space requirements, the indoor climate requirements for workers, machinery, and products, and a lot for the factory have been obtained, then the architectural design of the industrial enclosure can be accomplished, A complete factory or industrial building may consist of several enclosures where industrial processes are run. One heating and ventilation plant may service several enclosures, or there may be a separate system for each enclosure. 

FIGURE 8.S0 Heating demand versus ambient temperature for an industrial building. Calculated and measured values compared. 

The demand of heating energy for an industrial building can be calculated from Eq. (8.25) as... 

The quantity I, (T To(t))dt is named the degree day and is normally calculated for each month but also on a yearly basis. It depends on the climate where the industrial building is situated. This means that different geographic positions have different degree days. From the definition we also see that the degree day depends on the assumed indoor air temperature, which is assumed constant. 

How much energy in January is needed for an industrial building if the heat demand is 50 kW at outside temperature -26 °C and indoor temperature I S °C The average outdoor temperature in January at that place is - 4.7 X.. 

FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION IN INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS 800... 

W. C. L. Hemeon. Plant and Process Ventilation. 2nd ed. New York Industrial Press, 1963. H. Miirmann. Lufttechnische Anlagen fiir gewerhliche. Betriebe I Ventilation systems tor industrial buildings). 2nd ed. Berlin Verlagsbuchbehandlung, 1980. 

Breer 11., and Dorer V. Industrial buildings with high thermal loads simulation of natural ventilation. RoomVent 98 conference,. Stockholm, 1998. 

For a new process plant, calculations can be carried out using the heat release and plume flow rate equations outlined in Table 13.16 from a paper by Bender. For the theory to he valid, the hood must he more than two source diameters (or widths for line sources) above the source, and the temperature difference must be less than 110 °C. Experimental results have also been obtained for the case of hood plume eccentricity. These results account for cross drafts which occur within most industrial buildings. The physical and chemical characteristics of the fume and the fume loadings are obtained from published or available data of similar installations or established through laboratory or pilot-plant scale tests. - If exhaust volume requirements must he established accurately, small scale modeling can he used to augment and calibrate the analytical approach. 

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