Energy use in buildings

The company was founded in 1991 and started its activities in 1996 when Esko Tahti became its managing director. TAKE s scope of activities includes the whole area of building services. Us other major projeas have been in the area o( energy use in buildings, life cycle economy, water services, indoor air control, clustering, and IT technologies and automation. 

For distribution transformers, a voluntary standard assembled by the trade association NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) achieves substantial savings, particularly in standby energy, with a payback period typically of three years. The loss rate from the transformers is small, but the throughput of electricity accounts for a large fraction of total energy use in buildings, particularly when utility-owned transformers are considered. 

Deru, M. and Torcellini, P. (2007). Source Energy and Emission Eactors for Energy Use in Buildings. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, CO, Technical Report NREL/TP-550-38617. 

Energy use in buildings - This accounts for 70 percent of the company s operational carbon footprint. M S are looking to make a 25 percent improvement in energy efficiency by 2012 and 35 percent by 2015. 

Information about critical points on the PES is useful in building up a picture of what is important in a particular reaction. In some cases, usually themially activated processes, it may even be enough to describe the mechanism behind a reaction. However, for many real systems dynamical effects will be important, and the MEP may be misleading. This is particularly true in non-adiabatic systems, where quantum mechanical effects play a large role. For example, the spread of energies in an excited wavepacket may mean that the system finds an intersection away from the minimum energy point, and crosses there. It is for this reason that molecular dynamics is also required for a full characterization of the system of interest. 

WEC. (1995). Energy Efficiency Utilizing High Technology An Assessment of Energy Use in Industry and Buildings, prepared by M. D. Levine, E. Worrell, N. Martin, and L. Price. London Author. 

Kawamoto, K. Koomey, J. G. Nordman, B. Brown, R. E. Piette, M. A. and Meier, A. K. (2000). A Simplified Analysis of Electricity Used by Office Equipment and Network Equipment in the U.S. In Proceedings of the ACEEE 2000 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Washington, DC American Council for an Energ -Efficient Economy. 

Harvey, D., 2009. Reducing energy use in the buildings sector Measures, costs, and examples, Energy Efficiency, 2,139-163. 

Improved energy efficiency is even more important in underdeveloped nations. In China, for example, the energy use of building conditioning could be cut in half. Similarly, the energy use of China s power plants, refineries, and cement and steel industries could all be reduced by 25-50%. Chapter 2 of this volume describes specific optimization and energy conservation techniques that can be adopted immediately to eliminate such energy waste in the various industries. 

---