Inductively coupled plasma atomic hydride generation

Method abbreviations D-AT-FAAS (derivative flame AAS with atom trapping), ETAAS (electrothermal AAS), GC (gas chromatography), HGAAS (hydride generation AAS), HR-ICP-MS (high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), ICP-AES (inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry), ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), TXRF (total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), Q-ICP-MS (quadrapole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry)... 

Hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry... 

Brzezinska-Paudyn et al. [124] compared results obtained in determinations of arsenic by conventional atomic emission spectrometry, flow-injection/hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic... 

Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric analysis with flow-injection/hydride generation... 

These methods were used to determine arsenic in certified sediments (Table 12.15). Conventional inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry is satisfactory for all types of samples, but its usefulness was limited to concentrations of arsenic greater than 5pg g-1 dry weight. Better detection limits were achieved using the flow-injection-hydride generation inductively coupled plasma technique in which a coefficient of variation of about 2% for concentrations of lOpg g 1 were achieved. 

All four dissolution procedures studied were found to be suitable for arsenic determinations in biological marine samples, but only one (potassium hydroxide fusion) yielded accurate results for antimony in marine sediments and only two (sodium hydroxide fusion or a nitricperchloric-hydrofluoric acid digestion in sealed Teflon vessels) were appropriate for determination of selenium in marine sediments. Thus, the development of a single procedure for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium (and perhaps other hydride-forming elements) in marine materials by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry requires careful consideration not only of the oxidation-reduction chemistry of these elements and its influence on the hydride generation process but also of the chemistry of dissolution of these elements. 

An ANN was used by Magallanes et al. [66] to optimise hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES) coupling for the determination of Ge at trace levels. 

Hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has been used to determine arsenic in soils. This technique was found to greatly reduce sample preparation time [38]. 

Kimbrough and Wakakuwa [276,330] reported on an interlaboratory comparison study involving 160 accredited hazardous materials laboratories. Each laboratory performed a mineral acid digestion on five soils spiked with arsenic, cadmium, molybdenum, selenium and thallium. The instrumental detection methods used were inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. At most concentrations, the results obtained with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry... 

Rivaro, P., Zaratin, L., Frache, R. and Mazzucotelli, A. (1995) Determination of organotin compounds in marine mussel samples by using high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Analyst, 120, 1937-1939. 

M. C. Valdes Hevia y Temprano, B. Aizpun Fernandez, M. R. Fernandez de la Campa, A. Sanz-Medel, Study of the influence of ordered media on the determination of lead by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 283 (1993), 175-182. 

Maintaining the quality of food is a far more complex problem than the quality assurance of non-food products. Analytical methods are an indispensable monitoring tool for controlling levels of substances essential for health and also of toxic substances, including heavy metals. The usual techniques for detecting elements in food are flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). 

ETA-AAS, Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry FAAS, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry HG-AAS, Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry ICP-AES, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ID-MS, Isotopic Dilution Mass Spectrometry NAA, Neutron Activation Analysis Q-ICP-MS, Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry SS-Z-ETA-AAS, Solid Sampling Zeeman Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Z-ETA-AAS, Zeeman Electrothermal Atomization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry... 

Rigby, C Brindle, I.D. Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, germanium, tin, selenium, and tellurium in 30% zinc sulphate solution by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrom. 1999, 14, 253-258. 

Kardos J, Zimmer K, Coni E, et al. 1989. Determination of selenium in foods by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and hydride generation. Ann 1st Super Sanita 25(3) 505-509. 

Hydride generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (HGICPAES)... 

Detection limits are presented for 61 elements by ten analytical determinative methods FAAS flame atomic absorption spectrometry ETAAS electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry HGAAS hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry including CVAAS cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry for Hg ICPAES(PN) inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry utilizing a pneumatic nebulizer ICPAES(USN) inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry utilizing an ultrasonic nebulizer ICPMS inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Voltammetry TXRF total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry INAA instrumental activation neutron analysis RNAA radiochemical separation neutron activation analysis also defined in list of acronyms. 

Other varied AAS applications reports including critical and comparative studies are by Ybanez et al. (1992) (Arsenic in seafood products by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry and a critical comparative study with platform furnace Zeeman-effect atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry) Campos et al. 

R. R. Liversage, J. C. van Loon, and J. C. de Andrade, A Flow Injection/ Hydride Generation System for the Determination of Arsenic by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 161 (1984) 275. 

In the case of moss samples exposed in the Mansfelder Land area, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used for the determination of As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn in both aqueous and acidic solutions by standard addition technique. Atomic absorption techniques were applied for the determination of arsenic (hydride generation coupled with graphite furnace atomization), cadmium and lead (both by Zeeman-corrected graphite furnace AAS) (Krauss et al., 1998, 2000). Ion chromatography was used for the determination of sulphate. 

Figure 3 Instrumental methods for the determination of arsenic compounds (Abbreviations AAS, atomic absorption spectrometry APS, atomic fluorescence spectrometry CE, capillary electrophoresis GC, gas chromatography HG, hydride generation ICP-AES, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry INAA, instrumental neutron activation analysis LC, liquid chromatography MS, mass spectrometry).

Atomic absorption spectrometry is commonly used to measure a wide range of elements as shown in Table 2. Such techniques as flame, graphite furnace, hydride generation, and cold vapor are employed. Measurements are made separately for each element of interest in turn to achieve a complete analysis these techniques are relatively slow to use. More sensitive, but also more expensive, multielement analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry can be used if lower (pgl and below) detection limits are required. These detectors can also be coupled with separation systems if speciation data, e.g., Cr(III) and Cr(VI), are needed. 

Few data are available on levels of tellurium in normal subjects. Determination of the whole-body tellurium content in adult humans by neutron activation analysis gave values of approximately 500 mg [9]. The whole-blood concentrations of tellurium in normal subjects have been reported to range from 0.15 to 0.3 ng/mL [10]. The normal urine tellurium concentrations were measured by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic spectrometry and hydride generation atomic... 

Determination by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after reduction of antimony (V) to antimony (III) by thiourea Spec A = 640 nm trophotometric determination of trace arsenic (V) in water Spec A = 600 nm to avoid antimony interference... 

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