Optical homogeneity

Prices for individual products vary greatly with volume, purity, and optical quaUty. In 1994 the price for a 1000-mL fused quart2 beaker was about 100, whereas the prices for a 10 x 10 x 5 cm plate ranged from 125 to 5000, depending on the optical homogeneity, inclusions, and transmission. Commercial-grade tubing, 25—30-mm OD, sold for 45— 90/m and ultrapure 10-mm rod for 375/m ( 2160/kg). 

The particle is an optically homogeneous smooth sphere whose real and imaginary refractive indices are both known. 

For any planar interface which is optically homogeneous in planes parallel to the interface, there exists in general a pair of unique polarization eigenstates for each direction of the... 

Graft copolymers decrease the particle size of the dispersed phase in a binary homopolymer mixture and improve the adhesion of the dispersed and continuous phases. The copolymers accumulate at interfaces because parts of the graft are repelled by the unlike component of the blend. Tliey do not necessarily form optically homogeneous mixtures with homopolymers for this reason. 

Interaction between the incident and diffracted radiation gives rise to interference phenomena with characteristic maxima and minima in intensity [45]. In order to describe fully the scattering pattern it is necessary to assume that the particles are optically homogeneous and spherical and, in order to give independent, incoherent scattering, in a dilute random arrangement. 

There is only a single literature example of a bi-directional skeleton elongation performed with an enzyme different from the DHAP dependent aldolases. The 2-deoxy-D-ribose 5-phosphate aldolase (RibA EC 4.1.2.4), a bacterial class I enzyme which requires acetaldehyde as the nucleophilic substrate [42], has been applied to the tandem aldolization of a thioether dialdehyde [95]. The substrate 14 was synthesized from optically homogenous (R)-glycidaldehyde and, because of its Q Synimetry, diastereoselective twofold addition of acetaldehyde led to a symmetrical 5,5 -sulfide-linked dipentofuranose 15. 

The light beam should travel in an optically homogeneous medium that does not scatter radiation. 

The manufacture of optical glasses shows certain peculiarities which are given mainly by the requirements for optical homogeneity. The glasses are melted from high-purity raw materials, especially as regards the colourants (FeaOa, etc.) which would increase the absorption of light. 

Stirring gives a brownish-yellow optically homogeneous solution. This disappears progressively as the molybdenum sulfide nanoparticles form. 

In the water column, the downwelling irradiance ( d) of the solar light field diminishes with depth due to absorption and scattering processes. In optically homogeneous waters, irradiance decreases exponentially and can be described using the vertical attenuation coefficient (K ) ... 

The maintenance of optical homogeneity of the reaction mixture containing particles with a pronounced tendency to sediment can be ensured by increasing the viscosity of the reaction mixture (Markert and Frei,... 

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