Indicative Criteria

Systematic reviews are recent additions to the medical literature. In contrast to traditional narrative reviews, these reviews aim to answer a precisely defined clinical question and to do so in a way that is transparent and designed to minimize bias. Some of the defining features of systematic reviews are (1) a clear definition of the clinical question to be addressed, (2) an extensive and explicit strategy to find ail studies (published or unpublished) that may be eligible for inclusion in the review, (3) criteria by which studies are included and excluded, (4) a mechanism to assess the quahty of each study and, in some cases, (5) synthesis of results by use of statistical techniques of meta-analysis. By contrast, traditional reviews are subjective, are rarely well focused on a clinical question, lack explicit criteria for selection of studies to be reviewed, do not indicate criteria to assess the quality of included studies, and rarely can use meta-analysis. 

Because evidence-based medicine is an evolving discipline, and the state of knowledge is constantly changing, guidelines must be frequently updated. Indicators, criteria, and even process improvements need to be reassessed to ensure they remain valid. 

West, N., Revised indicative criteria fw occupational exposure limits. Toxic Substances Bull., Health and Safety Executive, 1991,16,4-5. 

That was in effect what Imppened. In a letto to the Annals of Occupational Hygiene in 1989 seeking to clarify the position with regard to the new occupational exposure limits d tiie indicative criteria used to set them, following the implementation of the COSHH Regulations, the HSE Chairman of ACTS stated (Carter 1989) ... 

The so called indicative criteria that would be used to as a guide to assist WATCH and ACTS in deciding whether to recommend an OES or MEL for a particular substance to HSC, were also defined ... 

Carter, J. T. (1989). Indicative criteria for the n ocaqjational es osure limits under COSHH, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Vol. 33, pp 651-2. 

Figures 7.2 and 7.3 give the relative results normalized with 100 full scale in multi-indicator criteria (midpoint and single score) for the following materials aluminum, glass, PC, PET, PE, PEA, PP and steel.

The application of the different melting techniques is very dependent on the indicated criteria. From the discussions mentioned above, the following generalities can be deduced ... 

In order to guide the decision as to which type of standard should be assigned to an individual substance, the HSE has published its Indicative Criteria. With respect to OES values these are ... 

However, these indicative criteria it is difficult to apply directly because the partial molar volumes of solutes at infinite dilution Vj (T) = Fj (m 0 T) are usually not specially accurate. They are determined at each temperature T, by an extrapolation of experimental densities in very dilute solutions, / —>0, and evidently then-second derivatives with regard to temperature are expected to be even less accurate. In order to overcome this difficulty, it was proposed by the author to change these criteria and apply them for finite, low concentrations of solute in water. It follows from Eq. (2.49) that... 

Since the concentration of receptors provides clues for the efficacy of DA action at given brain sites, the distribution of each receptor subtype will be presented according to an overall indicative criterion of high, intermediate and low density, based on the comparison between literature data. The definition of high, intermediate and low density and their illustration in the distributional maps refer to the relative density of each receptor subtype and are not indicative of a relationship in density across different receptor subtypes. 

It is thus tempting to define the first saturated layer as being one monolayer, and this often done, causing some confiision. One therefore also often uses tenns like saturated monolayer to indicate such a single adsorbate layer that has reached its maximal two-dimensional density. Sometimes, however, the word saturated is omitted from this definition, resulting m a different notion of monolayer and coverage. One way to reduce possible confiision is to use, for contrast with the saturated monolayer, the tenn fractional monolayer for the tenn that refers to the substrate unit cell rather than the adsorbate size as the criterion for the monolayer density. 

Overall Assessment of Properties. Table 3 shows the effect for each criterion of increasing plasticizer concentration, increasing the size of the plasticizer molecule, increasing the linearity of the plasticizer molecule, and changing the acid constituent of the ester. An I indicates improved performance for a particular property, a P indicates poorer performance. I and P in parentheses indicate that any changes tend to be marginal. 

Free ionic silver readily forms soluble complexes or insoluble materials with dissolved and suspended material present in natural waters, such as sediments and sulfide ions (44). The hardness of water is sometimes used as an indicator of its complex-forming capacity. Because of the direct relationship between the availabiUty of free silver ions and adverse environmental effects, the 1980 ambient freshwater criterion for the protection of aquatic life is expressed as a function of the hardness of the water in question. The maximum recommended concentration of total recoverable silver, in fresh water is thus given by the following expression (45) in Fg/L. 

The hardness of a mineral as measured by the Mohs scale is a criterion of its resistance to crushing [Fahrenwald, Trans. Am. In.st. Min. Metall. Pet. Eng., 112, 88 (1934)]. It is a fairly good indication of the abrasive character of the mineral, a factor that determines the wear on the grinding media. Arranged in increasing order or hardness, the Mohs scale is as fohows 1, talc 2, gypsum 3, calcite 4, fluoride 5, apatite 6, feldspar 7, quartz 8, topaz 9, corundum and 10, diamond. 

It was indicated that the original method can be extended on systems where two or three analytes can be determined from a single titration curve. The shifts DpH affected by j-th PT addition should be sufficiently high it depends on pH value, a kind and concentration of the buffer chosen and its properties. The criterion of choice of the related conditions of analysis has been proposed. A computer program (written in MATLAB and DELPHI languages), that enables the pH-static titration to be done automatically, has also been prepared. 

The comparison of the obtained quantitative parameters of the methods evidences that HPLC method is better by its perceptibility. However, the chromatodensitometry method is more efficient by the indices of expressity, as far as in a routine analysis it makes it possible to conduct a greater amount of tests during the same period of time, as well as by the criterion cost -efficiency. 

As with all of die processes described, drese are first studied in detail in the laboratoty with an industrial application as dre objective. Those processes which pass the criterion of economic potential are used in a pilot plant smdy, and dretr, if successful, at the production level which must be optimized. The materials which are produced are mainly, in the present instance, for application in the elecU onics industry where relatively high costs are acceptable. It will be seen drat the simple kinetic theory of gases is adequate to account for dre rates of these processes, and to indicate the ways in which production may be optimized on dre industrial scale. 

One criterion of aromaticity is the ring current, which is indicated by a chemical shift difference between protons, in the plane of the conjugated system and those above or below the plane. The chemical shifts of two isomeric hydrocarbons are given below. In qualitative terms, which appears to be more aromatic (Because the chemical shift depends on the geometric relationship to the ring current, a quantitative calculation would be necessary to confirm the correctness of this qualitative impression.) Does Hiickel MO theory predict a difference in the aromaticity of these two compounds ... 

A third performance criterion developed for combined heat and power plant involves compari.son between the fuel required to meet the given loads of electricity and heat in the CHP plant with that required in a reference system . The latter involves conventional plants that meet the same load demands (indicated by subscript D), for example, in a conventional electric power station and in a heat only boiler. 

Two simple invariants, U, and U5, were shown in the previous subsubsection to be the basic indicators of average laminate stiffnesses. For isotropic materials, these invariants reduce to U. =Qi. and U5 = Qqq, the extensional stiffness and shear stiffness. Accordingly, Tsai and Pagano suggested the orthotopic invariants U., and U5 be called the isotropic stiffness and isotropic shear rigidity, respectively [7-16 and 7-17]. They observed that these isotropic properties are a realistic measure of the minimum stiffness capability of composite laminates. These isotropic properties can be compared directly to properties of isotropic materials as well as to properties of other orthotropic laminates. Obviously, the comparison criterion is more complex than for isotropic materials because now we have two measures, and U5, instead of the usual isotropic stiffness or E. Comparison of values of U., alone is not fair because of the degrading influence of the usually low values of U5 for composite materials. 

Whether a flame is transmitted through a flame arrester depends on the length and aperture size of the arrester, the approach velocity of the flame, the pressure rise, and the temperature of the arrester (Wilson and Flessner 1978). Wilson and Flessner state that the evidence indicates that low-speed flames can be quenched by an array of small passageways placed in a duct, provided that the effective passageway diameter (critical diameter) meets the following criterion ... 

Resolution is strongly dependent on flow rate, as indicated by the van Deemter equation (13). This was an important criterion because we wanted to be able to operate our GPCs at a flow rate of about 1.0 ml/min in order to minimize sample run time. 

A criterion for selecting a right pore size to separate a given polydisperse polymer is provided here. To quantify how much the MW distribution narrows for the initial fraction, an exponent a is introduced (2). The exponent is defined by [PDI(0)] = PDI(l), where PDI(O) and PDI(l) are the polydispersity indices of the original sample and the initial fraction, respectively. A smaller a denotes a better resolution. If a = 0, the separation would produce a perfectly monodisperse fraction. Figure 23.7 shows a plot of a as a function of 2RJd (2). Results... 

The criterion of ipsocentric ring current has been used to assess aromaticity in S-N heterocycles (and related inorganic ring systems). Current density maps indicate that the ten r-electron systems [SsNs], [S4N3] " and [S4N4] ", and the fourteen r-electron system [S5N5] " support diatropic k currents, reinforced by a circulations. 

The maximum displacement is the largest change in any coordinate in the molecular strucmre. The threshold column indicates the cutoff value for each criterion. The new structure generated at this step follows this ou ut. 

Kenn-wort, n. identifying word, code word, -zahl, /. characteristic value or number, coefficient, constant, -zeichen, n. mark, sign, signal, indication characteristic specifications criterion symptom, kennzeichneii, v.t. mark, denote distinguish identify characterize. — kenuzeichnend, p.a. indicative, characteristic. 

Merkmal, n. characteristic, mark, sigri, symbol, indication, index, criterion. 

A correlation index is a useful criterion for indicating the crude class or type. The following relationship between the mid-hoiling point in Kelvin degrees (°K) and the specific gravity of a crude oil or a fraction yields the correlation index (Bureau of Mines Correlation index). 

The important quality criterion is absence of pathogens, a term which covers all disease-bearing bacteria. This criterion is usually determined by test for Eschericia coli, a species of bacteria so common in the gut that it is a reliable indicator of any pathogenic contamination. 

As previously indicated, most bag-type filters require a pre-coat of particulates before they can effectively remove airborne contaminates. However, particles can completely block air flow if the filter material becomes overloaded. Therefore, the primary operating criterion is to maintain the efficiency of the filter media by controlling the cleaning frequency. 

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