Static Titrations

Full reduction of TMADH requires three eleetrons per subunitotwo for reduetion of the 6-.S-cysteinyl FMN and a third for reduction of the 

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It was indicated that the original method can be extended on systems where two or three analytes can be determined from a single titration curve. The shifts DpH affected by j-th PT addition should be sufficiently high it depends on pH value, a kind and concentration of the buffer chosen and its properties. The criterion of choice of the related conditions of analysis has been proposed. A computer program (written in MATLAB and DELPHI languages), that enables the pH-static titration to be done automatically, has also been prepared. 

One 1-ml aliquot is added to 1.0 ml of freshly-distilled 1,2-dibromo-ethane (bp 132°C) in an oven-dried flask which contains a static atmosphere of nitrogen or argon. After the resulting solution has been allowed to stand at 25°C for 5 min, it Is diluted with 10 rat of water and titrated for base content (residual base) to a phenolphthalein endpoint with standard 0.100 M hydrochloric acid. The second 1-mL aliquot is added cautiously to 10 ml of water and then titrated for base content (total base) to a phenol phthalein endpoint with standard aqueous 0.100 M hydrochloric acid. The methyllithium concentration is the difference between the total base and residual base concentrations.2 Alternatively, the methynithiura concentration may be determined by titration with a standard solution of sec-butyl alcohol employing 2,2 -bipyridyl as an indicator. 

Static measurements (stationary solution). After a coulometric pulse of specific magnitude, the resulting pH step is measured. Repeating the experiment with different pulses allows the construction of the titration curve. 

Redox potentials for copper systems have been based on a variety of approaches including (i) redox titrations, (ii) potentio-static methods involving spectral monitoring, (iii) cyclic voltammetry (CV), and (iv) pulsed methods. Of these, CV measurements are by far the most prevalent. No effort has been made in this treatise to identify the method used for a specific reported potential value unless the method itself appeared to be pertinent. 

A commercially available 5% Pt/Al203 catalyst (Engelhard Industries 4759) was used in this study. The catalyst sample had a mean particle size of 55 pm as measured by light scattering, a BET surface area of 140 m2/g, a mean pore radius of 50 A and a density of 5.0 g/ml. The platinum loading was 4.65%, and the platinum dispersion was 0.28 as measured by static CO titration (ref. 11). 

The effects of moisture content in drug substances iancthed dosage form have been widely studied. Static moisture content can be determined by many methods like Karl Fisher titration, loss on drying (LOD), and TGA. Dynamic hygroscopicity of a drug substance has beerLcWaato four... 

Fig. 16a. Experimental arrangement to establish a pH gradient by FIA with phosphate buffer. Sodium hydroxide is injected at S, disperses as shown in Fig. 15, and then interacts with phosphate at point of confluence b Reaction between phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide superimposed on the sodium hydroxide peak, i.e. the dynamic titration curve of phosphoric acid, which may be compared with that obtained under static conditions. (Flowrate = 1.55 ml min-1, sample size = 0.5 ml and [NaOH] = 0.75 M different pH gradients may be obtained by varying these conditions)...

The interactions of proteins with polysaccharides in solution have been widely investigated using turbidimetric titration, static and dynamic light scattering, electro-... 

Our understanding of miniemulsion stability is limited by the practical difficulties encountered when attempting to measure and characterize a distribution of droplets. In fact, most of the well-known, established techniques used in the literature to characterize distributions of polymer particles in water are quite invasive and generally rely upon sample dilution (as in dynamic and static laser light scattering), and/or shear (as in capillary hydrodynamic fractionation), both of which are very likely to alter or destroy the sensitive equihbrium upon which a miniemulsion is based. Good results have been obtained by indirect techniques that do not need dilution, such as soap titration [125], SANS measurements[126] or turbidity and surface tension measurements [127]. Nevertheless, a substantial amount of experimental evidence has been collected, that has enabled us to estabhsh the effects of different amounts of surfactant and costabihzer, or different costabilizer structures, on stabihty. 

A second nonlinear fluorescence quenching data treatment method developed by Ventry and Ryan may also be used to extract conditional stability constants, and ligand concentrations from titrations of FA with Cu (23). The model designed is a modification of the original Stem-Volmer theory defined by equation 7 which accounts for either static or dynamic quenching of fluorescent species. 

Metal accessibility was determined by the H2-O2 titration method in a static volumetric equipment. Hydrogen preadsorbed at 500°C was titrated at 25°C by oxygen. Isotherms have been determined in the 0-50 torr range. Extrapolation to the original values was used to calculate the number of exposed atoms. 

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